Puerto Rico has approximately 20 endemic bird species (including a few that also occur on Mona, Culebra, Vieques or the Virgin Islands\u2014and thus are endemic to the \u201cPuerto Rican archipelago\u201d).\u00a0 About half of these can be found during a half-day excursion from San Juan, but several of the others are rare or localized and require a special effort to track down.\u00a0\u00a0Puerto Rico also has a large contingent of introduced species, including several that became established during the colonial period, an avian legacy of the slave trade.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t Endemic Birds<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t \u201cPuerto Rican Sharp-shinned Hawk\u201d<\/a> \/ \u201cPuerto Rican Broad-winged Hawk\u201d<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Owl<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Nightjar<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Mango<\/a> \/ Green Mango<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Emerald<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Tody<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Woodpecker<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Parrot<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Pewee<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Flycatcher<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Kingbird<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Vireo<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Euphonia<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Oriole<\/a> \/ Yellow-shouldered Blackbird<\/a> \/ Elfin Woods Warbler<\/a> \/ Adelaide\u2019s Warbler<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Spindalis<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Tanager<\/a> \/ Puerto Rican Bullfinch<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t It is possible to find all of the endemics by visiting four sites in western Puerto Rico, each with localized rarities not found at the others: R\u00edo Abajo State Forest<\/a><\/strong> for Puerto Rican Parrot and \u201cPuerto Rican Broad-winged Hawk\u201d; Maricao State Forest<\/strong><\/a> for \u201cPuerto Rican Sharp-shinned Hawk,\u201d Elfin Woods Warbler, and Puerto Rican Tanager; Gu\u00e1nica State Forest<\/strong><\/a> for Puerto Rican Nightjar; and either La Parguera<\/strong><\/a> or Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge<\/strong><\/a> for Yellow-shouldered Blackbird.\u00a0 (For general orientation to\u00a0Puerto Rico\u2019s main birdwatching sites, see Key to Locations<\/strong>, below.)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t \u00a9 Nancy Crosby<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t \u201cPuerto Rican Sharp-shinned Hawk\u201d<\/strong> (Accipiter striatus venator<\/em>)<\/a>:\u00a0 Critically endangered endemic form of Sharp-shinned Hawk<\/strong><\/a>.\u00a0 Likely merits recognition as a separate species, but may become extinct before earning that distinction.\u00a0 Maricao State Forest is the only publicly known site where it has been observed consistently in recent years.\u00a0 Within Maricao, the best place to look for it is the headquarters access road, which has hosted a resident pair for many years.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t \u201cPuerto Rican Broad-winged Hawk\u201d<\/strong> (Buteo platypterus brunnescens<\/em>)<\/a>:\u00a0 Endangered endemic form of Broad-winged Hawk<\/strong><\/a>. \u00a0It remains locally common in R\u00edo Abajo State Forest and the surrounding haystack hills.\u00a0 In recent years, it has been seen occasionally at El Yunque National Forest, but its status there after Hurricane Mar\u00eda is unclear.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t \u00a9 Eric Hynes<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo<\/strong> (Coccyzus vieilloti<\/em>)<\/a>:\u00a0 Fairly common in all types of forests throughout Puerto Rico, but it is often inconspicuous and some visiting birdwatchers find it elusive.\u00a0 Cambalache State Forest is probably the most reliable site, but it is also numerous at Gu\u00e1nica and Maricao State Forests and El Yunque National Forest.\u00a0 Within San Juan, it has been found at Julio Enrique Monagas National Park, but may not be a permanent resident there.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t Puerto Rican Owl<\/strong> (Gymnasio nudipes<\/em>)<\/a>:\u00a0 Fairly common in both wet and dry forests throughout Puerto Rico, including Julio Enrique Monagas National Park in San Juan.\u00a0 Sites that have been consistently reliable over the years include El Yunque National Forest (e.g., the parking lot at La Coca Falls), R\u00edo Abajo and Gu\u00e1nica State Forests, and the Arecibo Observatory parking lot.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t \u00a9 Michael J. Morel<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Puerto Rican Nightjar<\/strong> (Antrostomus noctitherus<\/em>)<\/a>: \u00a0Locally common in dry forest and scrub in the southwestern lowlands of Puerto Rico.\u00a0 Gu\u00e1nica State Forest houses about half of the world population and is the most accessible reliable site.\u00a0 Can sometimes be found in the town of Gu\u00e1nica itself and farther west in the hills above the beach towns of Playa Santa and La Parguera.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t Puerto Rican Mango<\/strong> (Anthracothorax aurulentus<\/em>)<\/a>:\u00a0 Common and easy to find across most of Puerto Rico.\u00a0 Most reliably found in the southwest at Gu\u00e1nica State Forest, Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge, and La Parguera.\u00a0 Can be found in the gardens of many seaside resorts and in urban areas, including San Juan.\u00a0\u00a0Traditionally regarded as conspecific with Hispaniolan Mango<\/strong><\/a>, but the two forms differ in plumage and morphology and are increasingly recognized as separate species.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t \u00a9 Jos\u00e9 Santiago<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Green Mango<\/strong> (Antrostomus viridis<\/em>)<\/a>:\u00a0 Common in humid woodlands of the western hill country and mountains, especially at higher elevations; uncommon in the east.\u00a0 Easy to find at Maricao State Forest and generally in the interior of western Puerto Rico. \u00a0In the east, near San Juan, Coca Falls in El Yunque National Forest has traditionally been the best place to look for it.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t Puerto Rican Emerald<\/strong> (Chlorostilbon maugaeus<\/em>)<\/a>:\u00a0 Locally common in wet and dry forests at all elevations; uncommon in other types of woodland and gardens.\u00a0 Occurs throughout the island, but much more numerous in the western half.\u00a0 Easy to find at humid forest sites such as El Yunque National Forest and R\u00edo Abajo and Maricao State Forests, and along the southwestern coast at Gu\u00e1nica State Forest, Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge, and La Parguera.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t \u00a9 Guy Poisson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Puerto Rican Tody<\/strong> (Todus mexicanus<\/em>)<\/a>:\u00a0 Common in a wide array of native woodland habitats throughout Puerto Rico, from the dry thickets of the southwestern lowlands to montane rain forests.\u00a0 Can be found on most visits to sites with tracts of native forest, such as Cambalache, R\u00edo Abajo, Maricao, and Gu\u00e1nica State Forests, and El Yunque National Forest.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t Puerto Rican Woodpecker<\/strong> (Melanerpes portoricensis<\/em>)<\/a>:\u00a0 Common and easy to find in all wooded habitats throughout Puerto Rico; uncommon on Vieques.\u00a0 Within San Juan, Julio Enrique Monaga National Park is a reliable site.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t \u00a9 Tom MacKenzie<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Puerto Rican Parrot<\/strong> (Amazona vittata<\/em>)<\/a>:\u00a0 Critically endangered and mostly confined to two protected tracts of rain forest, El Yunque National Forest and R\u00edo Abajo State Forest, both of which have captive breeding facilities that have saved the species from certain extinction.\u00a0 R\u00edo Abajo is by far the best place to look for it, especially after Hurricane Mar\u00eda’s general destruction of El Yunque. \u00a0At R\u00edo Abajo, members of the wild-living population can usually be found in the vicinity of the captive breeding facility.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t Puerto Rican Pewee<\/strong> (Contopus blancoi<\/em>)<\/a>:\u00a0 Common in wet and dry forests at all elevations in the western half of Puerto Rico.\u00a0 Inexplicably rare and sporadic in the eastern half.\u00a0 Most numerous in the southwest, especially at Maricao State Forest and Boquer\u00f3n and Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuges.\u00a0 Can also be found on most visits to Gu\u00e1nica, Sus\u00faa, and R\u00edo Abajo State Forests.\u00a0 Traditionally classified as a subspecies of the Lesser Antillean Pewee<\/strong>, but differences in appearance and voice suggest that recognition as a separate species is appropriate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t \u00a9 Ernesto Burgos<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Puerto Rican Flycatcher<\/strong> (Myiarchus antillarum<\/em>)<\/a>:\u00a0 Generally common and easy to find throughout Puerto Rico and on Vieques.\u00a0 Also occurs in the Virgin Islands, mainly on St. John. \u00a0Especially numerous at lowland forest sites such as Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge and Gu\u00e1nica and Cambalache State Forests. \u00a0Fairly common in patches of natural habitat within San Juan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t Puerto Rican <\/strong>Kingbird<\/strong> (Tyrannus taylori<\/em>)<\/a>:\u00a0 Occurs at all of the well visited sites on Puerto Rico, but not common everywhere.\u00a0 Sites where it can be found consistently include El Yunque National Forest, Maricao State Forest (especially the old stone house near the headquarters), Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge, and the west end of Vieques.\u00a0 Traditionally regarded as a subspecies of Loggerhead Kingbird<\/strong><\/a>, but differences in voice and plumage suggest that it is a separate species.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t![\"\"](\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/PRsharpshin5-e1539809543622.jpg\")
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