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\u00a9 R. Dennis Ringer<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/XC24295-Tawny-shouldered-Blackbird.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a9 James Bradley<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

Birdfinding.info \u21d2\u00a0<\/em><\/strong> Common in many parts of Cuba, including Ci\u00e9naga de Zapata National Park and its surroundings.\u00a0 Often seen on drives while passing through agricultural areas and towns.\u00a0 Not difficult to find in and around Havana and several other Cuban cities.\u00a0 Very rarely reported from its limited Haitian range.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tawny-shouldered Blackbird<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Agelaius humeralis<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Family: Icteridae<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Endemic to Cuba, its adjacent keys, and Haiti.<\/strong><\/p>
Generally common across much of Cuba in light woodlands and other semiopen habits, including agricultural and urban areas.\u00a0 Uncommon on several of the keys off of Cuba\u2019s northern and southern coasts, where it inhabits scrub and mangroves, but rarely reported from the Isle of Youth.<\/p>
Rare and local in Haiti, where it has been reported from two areas: the central coastal lowlands near the mouth of the Artibonite River and along the northern coast near Port-de-Paix.<\/p>
Unlike most members of its genus, Tawny-shouldered is not associated with marshes.\u00a0 Like the others, it is highly gregarious and forms large flocks when not breeding.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>
Adult males are black overall with a rusty epaulet that is mostly concealed when the wing is folded tightly.\u00a0 The lower edge of the epaulet blends to a pale shade of tan.<\/p>
The precise coloration of the epaulet can vary from tawny to chestnut to brick-red.\u00a0 In the latter case, the tan bar contrasts more sharply, inviting confusion with Red-shouldered and Red-winged Blackbirds.\u00a0 (See below for detailed comparisons.)<\/p>
Females are very similar to males, but a less glossy shade of black, with a slightly reduced epaulet.<\/p>
Immatures are similar to adults, but with small, less distinct epaulets.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tawny-shouldered Blackbird, male displaying.\u00a0 (Palpite, Matanzas, Cuba; April 5, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 John Drummond<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tawny-shouldered Blackbird.\u00a0 (Santa Cruz del Norte, Cuba; March 29, 2007.)\u00a0 \u00a9\u00a0Joe Angseesing<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tawny-shouldered Blackbird.\u00a0 (Soplillar, Matanzas, Cuba; February 24, 2015.)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a9 Sarah Lane<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tawny-shouldered Blackbird.\u00a0 (Cueva de los Portales, Pinar del R\u00edo, Cuba; March 18, 2018.)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a9 Mel Senac<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tawny-shouldered Blackbird.\u00a0 (Playa Pesquero, Holgu\u00edn, Cuba; February 18, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Suzanne Labb\u00e9<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tawny-shouldered Blackbird.\u00a0 (Topes de Collantes National Park, Cuba; February 22, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Lawrence Gardella<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tawny-shouldered Blackbird, with epaulet mostly concealed.\u00a0 (Cueva de los Peces, Matanzas, Cuba; January 1, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Kent Fiala<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tawny-shouldered Blackbird.\u00a0 (Cuba; May 6, 2013.)\u00a0 \u00a9 William Price<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Voice.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Song is described as a muffled, buzzy zwaaaaaaaa<\/em><\/strong> that lasts about a second.\u00a0 Otherwise gives various contacts calls, many of which are metallic and high-pitched: <\/iframe><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8888cba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8888cba\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-926b3da\" data-id=\"926b3da\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bc676e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6bc676e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55ea22b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"55ea22b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e023d28\" data-id=\"e023d28\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f410f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f410f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Tawny-shouldered Blackbird: Epaulet Comparison<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a087ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a087ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These two photographs show the same individual, a long-staying vagrant Tawny-shouldered Blackbird on Grand Cayman Island.\u00a0 In the 2016 photo, its epaulet appears tawny with a smooth transition to tan (\u21d2 unambiguously Tawny-shouldered), but the 2018 photo appears to show contrasting red and pale panels (\u21d2 readily misidentified as Red-winged or Red-shouldered).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-429843a\" data-id=\"429843a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb25320 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cb25320\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"206\" src=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/TsBlackbird11-e1540305968498-300x206.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2735\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/TsBlackbird11-e1540305968498-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/TsBlackbird11-e1540305968498.jpg 554w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8811a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8811a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tawny-shouldered Blackbird.\u00a0 (George Town, Grand Cayman Island; May 29, 2016.)\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/29555981\">\u00a9 Denny Swaby<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1b67ea\" data-id=\"c1b67ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9070f61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9070f61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"206\" src=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/TsBlackbird15-300x206.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2740\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/TsBlackbird15-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/TsBlackbird15.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fe263b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fe263b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tawny-shouldered Blackbird.\u00a0 (George Town, Grand Cayman Island; July 1, 2018.)\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/106104691\">\u00a9 Denny Swaby<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-099f854 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"099f854\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f90de09\" data-id=\"f90de09\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f25ce00 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f25ce00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa378c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fa378c0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e8f3d5\" data-id=\"3e8f3d5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a96142d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a96142d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><em>Cf. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.birdfinding.info\/red-shouldered-blackbird\/\">Red-shouldered<\/a> and Red-winged Blackbirds.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0In western Cuba, the marsh-dwelling Red-shouldered Blackbird can be confused with Tawny-shouldered.\u00a0 Considering the short flight required to cross the Florida Strait, it is also likely that Tawny-shouldered and Red-winged Blackbirds sometimes occur in one another\u2019s ranges, undetected\u2014the only definitively documented case was of two male Tawny-shouldered Blackbirds collected at Key West in 1936.<\/p><p>Although the colors of the epaulets are usually sufficient to identify these species, the epaulets are often concealed and all have a pale lower edge that is often the only visible part.\u00a0\u00a0In addition, the immature male Red-shouldered can have a brownish epaulet, thus resembling Tawny-shouldered.\u00a0 Even among adults of these species, there is enough color variation to create confusion: Red-shouldered\u2019s epaulet can sometimes appear burnt-orange, and Tawny shouldered\u2019s can appear reddish (see inset below).<\/p><p>Other factors that can be useful to identify ambiguous Cuban blackbirds include:<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Habitat:<\/span>\u00a0 A strong initial indicator, as Red-shouldered rarely wanders far from marshes, whereas Tawny-shouldered is largely arboreal and favors woodland edges.\u00a0 However, these preferences are not absolute, and both species are at times found in fields and trees.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Voice:<\/span>\u00a0 Most of Tawny-shouldered\u2019s calls are metallic and high-pitched, whereas Red-shouldered\u2019s common contact call is a much deeper <strong><em>chuck!<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Female Plumage:<\/span>\u00a0 These are social birds that are usually encountered in flocks, so it is often possible to identify them based on multiple individuals.\u00a0 In Tawny-shouldered, the sexes are similar, whereas the female Red-shouldered is all-black.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Bill Shape:<\/span>\u00a0 On average, Tawny-shouldered has a shorter bill than Red-shouldered and Red-winged.\u00a0 This can be hard to judge in isolation, but is useful when an otherwise dubious individual shows a long, thin bill, confirming that it is not Tawny-shouldered.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b4bda9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b4bda9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4bad3d57\" data-id=\"4bad3d57\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fa01eb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4fa01eb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Polytypic species consisting of two recognized subspecies: <em>humeralis<\/em> and <em>scopulus<\/em>.\u00a0 The latter is known only from Cayo Cantiles, in the archipelago east of the Isle of Youth.\u00a0 It is smaller and proportionately shorter-winged than the nominate subspecies, but has a longer, thinner bill.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ec6bf5d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ec6bf5d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ced1d6a\" data-id=\"3ced1d6a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8608c03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8608c03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>eBird. 2018. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, N.Y. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ebird.org\">http:\/\/www.ebird.org<\/a>. (Accessed October 22, 2018.)<\/p><p>Garrido, O.H, and A. Kirkconnell. 2000. <em>Field Guide to the Birds of Cuba<\/em>. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y.<\/p><p>Jaramillo, A., and P. Burke. 1999. <em>New World Blackbirds: The Icterids<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p><p>Latta, S., C. Rimmer, A. Keith, J. Wiley, H. Raffaele, K. McFarland, and E. Fernandez. 2006. <em>Birds of the Dominican Republic and Haiti<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p><p>Raffaele, H., J. Wiley, O. Garrido, A. Keith, and J. Raffaele. 1998. <em>A Guide to the Birds of the West Indies<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a9 R. Dennis Ringer \u00a9 James Bradley Birdfinding.info \u21d2\u00a0 Common in many parts of Cuba, including Ci\u00e9naga de Zapata National Park and its surroundings.\u00a0 Often seen on drives while passing through agricultural areas and towns.\u00a0 Not difficult to find in and around Havana and several other Cuban cities.\u00a0 Very rarely reported from its limited Haitian 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