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\u00a9 John Whigham<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/XC450492-Chuck-Wills-Widow-4.3.18-at-Lk-Kissimmee-SP-at-8.05-for-.10.iphone.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a9 Sue Riffe<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

Birdfinding.info <\/em><\/strong>\u21d2<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Common and easily detected by voice from late spring into summer in its core breeding areas: especially in Oklahoma, the Ozarks, central Texas, the Mississippi bottomlands, and the coastal plain from Mississippi and southeastern Virginia to southern Florida (see Breeding Bird Survey Abundance Map<\/em><\/strong> in Notes<\/u><\/strong>, below).\u00a0 During April, it is fairly frequent at migration hotspots throughout the U.S. Gulf Coast.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Antrostomus carolinensis<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Family: Caprimulgidae<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Breeds in the eastern U.S.\u00a0 Winters in Middle America and the West Indies.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a9 BirdLife International 2018<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Breeding.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Deciduous and mixed woodlands, across much of the eastern U.S. from southern Iowa, southern Ohio, and southern New Jersey south to south-central Texas and southern Florida.\u00a0 Locally or sporadically north to southernmost Ontario and Long Island, and east to Grand Bahama and Andros.<\/p>
Nonbreeding.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Winters mainly from the Gulf slope of eastern Mexico to Panama and on Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola.\u00a0 In smaller numbers north to the U.S. Gulf Coast states and the Bahamas, south to western Colombia, and east to Puerto Rico and Vieques.<\/p>
Movements.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Migrates north from late March to early May; south from September into October.\u00a0 Fairly regular as a spring overshot vagrant to the upper Great Lakes region and New England, exceptionally to South Dakota, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia.\u00a0 Winter vagrant to Venezuela, the ABC Islands, and the Leeward Islands.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>
A large, warm-brown nightjar.\u00a0 Usually appears paler and rustier than other nightjars in its range, but its overall coloration varies, and a few individuals are grayish or dark brown above.<\/p>
Male\u2019s undertail appears mostly whitish.\u00a0 Seen from above, the male\u2019s tail appears entirely mottled brown when folded, but shows white stripes when spread\u2014the inner webs of the three outer tail feathers are mostly white.<\/p>
Female\u2019s tail is mottled brown overall with buffy tips on the outer tail feathers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow.\u00a0 (University of North Carolina, Wilmington, North Carolina; June 2, 2015.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Sam Cooper<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, male, appearing dark brown in this view.\u00a0 (Old Hidalgo Pumphouse, Hidalgo, Texas; January 28, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Dennis Weiler<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, a pale, cinnamon-brown individual.\u00a0 (Halifax, Nova Scotia; May 23, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jason Dain<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow.\u00a0 (The Triangle Pond, Austin, Texas; April 21, 2015.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Vincent O\u2019Brien<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, female.\u00a0 (Centennial Olympic Park, Atlanta, Georgia; May 2, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Nathan Furnau<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, with dark gray-brown upperparts.\u00a0 (Garden Key, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida; April 21, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Max Wilson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, female, a yellowish or cinnamon-brown individual.\u00a0 (Garden of the Groves, Grand Bahama; September 13, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Erika Gates<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, female with dark-brown upperparts.\u00a0 (Star Island, Rye, New Hampshire; May 21, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Christopher McPherson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, a grayish-brown individual showing a bold white throat-collar.\u00a0 (Boyd Hill Nature Park, St. Petersburg, Florida; April 7, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 JoAnna Clayton<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, an individual with an intricate color pattern.\u00a0 (High Island, Texas; April 23, 2012.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Luke Seitz<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, female, a dark-brown individual with a bold white throat-collar.\u00a0 (Metropolitan Park, Panama City, Panama; November 14, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Euclides Campos<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, a very pale individual.\u00a0 (Jackson County, Georgia; May 7, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Leila Dasher<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, a grayish-brown individual showing conspicuous whitish shoulder straps.\u00a0 (Fairmont, North Carolina; May 13, 2014.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Nolan Eggert<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, male, showing largely buffy undertail.\u00a0 (Guant\u00e1namo Bay, Cuba; January 25, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Wayne Fidler<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, female, a yellowish or cinnamon-brown individual showing buffy tail corners.\u00a0 (New Orleans, Louisiana; September 24, 2014.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jody Shugart<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, a grayish-brown individual, showing a bold white throat-collar.\u00a0 (Boyd Hill Nature Park, St. Petersburg, Florida; April 7, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 JoAnna Clayton<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, juvenile male.\u00a0 (James E. Grey Preserve, New Port Richey, Florida; August 27, 2013.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Stephen Mann<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, male, in migration over open water.\u00a0 (Offshore from Broward County, Florida; April 7, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Suzanne Zuckerman<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, male, a reddish-brown individual, showing a bold white throat-collar.\u00a0 (Victoria Glades Conservation Area, Missouri; June 26, 2015.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Diane Bricmont<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, a warm-brown individual, showing an inconspicuous whitish throat-collar.\u00a0 (Fort Zachary Taylor State Park, Key West, Florida; April 14, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Sam Wilson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chuck-will\u2019s-widow, male, ventral view showing largely white undertail and white throat collar.\u00a0 (Tuckahoe Wildlife Management Area, New Jersey; July 29, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Tom Johnson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Voice.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Song is a three-note phrase, the first percussive and the others rich, mid-range whistles, rendered as chuck-will\u2019s-widow<\/em><\/strong>: <\/iframe><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7f55047a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7f55047a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cbaec4d\" data-id=\"5cbaec4d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a24dc66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a24dc66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><em>Cf. Eastern Whip-poor-will.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Chuck-will\u2019s widow and Eastern Whip-poor-will overlap widely across the eastern U.S. and Mexico, and are easily confused if discovered during daylight.\u00a0 Size is often the most useful indicator, as Chuck-will\u2019s widow is somewhat larger and gives the impression of a large bird, especially when flushed.<\/p><p>Overall coloration is a useful but not diagnostic, as both species vary.\u00a0 In general, most Chuck-will\u2019s-widows are a much redder shade of brown than most Whip-poor-wills.\u00a0 Some portions of the plumage seem to be more consistent than others\u2014especially the top of the head, which usually appears grayish on Whip-poor-wills and warm-brown on Chuck-will\u2019s-widow.<\/p><p>The tail patterns of males differ conspicuously when seen from above: male Whip-poor-wills have extensively white outer tail feathers, whereas male Chuck-will\u2019s-widows have stripes that are rarely visible.\u00a0 The tail patterns of females are more similar, but female Whip-poor-will typically shows distinctly whitish corners that are larger and contrast more noticeably than the buffy tips on female Chuck-will\u2019s-widow.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-af05c97 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"af05c97\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9e5ab17\" data-id=\"9e5ab17\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b1c745 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b1c745\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><em>Cf. Rufous Nightjar.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Chuck-will\u2019s widow and Rufous Nightjar overlap in winter from Costa Rica to Colombia.\u00a0 By the measurements, Rufous is slightly smaller, but otherwise they are essentially indistinguishable.\u00a0 Both are typically a reddish shade of brown overall, more so than other nightjars, and both are quite variable.\u00a0 Based on available photographs, Chuck-will\u2019s-widow tends to be paler and more uniform than Rufous, but this tendency is probably not consistent or clear enough to be useful in field identification.\u00a0 In addition, Rufous typically shows a bold white half-collar on the throat, which is less apparent on most Chuck-will\u2019s-widows.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3c3061ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3c3061ca\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c08b17\" data-id=\"7c08b17\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-361f82a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"361f82a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Monotypic species.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0aca8e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0aca8e2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f8b72ec\" data-id=\"f8b72ec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18642971 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18642971\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong>Breeding Bird Survey Abundance Map: Chuck-will\u2019s-widow.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eaf6997 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3eaf6997\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"553\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ChuckWillsWidowMap3.gif\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-32762\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2142284b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2142284b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov\/bbs\/ra2010\/ra04160.htm\">U.S. Geological Survey 2010<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-36c78029 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"36c78029\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2498eaea\" data-id=\"2498eaea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-679598d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"679598d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Alderfer, J., and J.L. Dunn. 2014. <em>National Geographic Complete Birds of North America (Second Edition)<\/em>. National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.<\/p><p>Ascanio, D., G.A. Rodriguez, and R. Restall. 2017. <em>Birds of Venezuela<\/em>. Christopher Helm, London.<\/p><p>BirdLife International. 2018. <em>Antrostomus carolinensis<\/em>. <em>The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018:<\/em> e.T22689778A131764040. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22689778A131764040.en\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22689778A131764040.en<\/a>. (Accessed November 3, 2019.)<\/p><p>Cleere, N., and D. Nurney. 1998. <em>Nightjars: A Guide to Nightjars and Related Nightbirds<\/em>. Pica Press, Sussex.<\/p><p>Cleere, N., and G.M. Kirwan. 2019. Chuck-will’s-widow (<em>Antrostomus carolinensis<\/em>). In <em>Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive<\/em> (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D.A. Christie, and E. de Juana, eds.). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona a. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbw.com\/node\/55185\">https:\/\/www.hbw.com\/node\/55185<\/a>. (Accessed November 3, 2019.)<\/p><p>eBird. 2019. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, N.Y. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ebird.org\">http:\/\/www.ebird.org<\/a>. (Accessed November 6, 2019.)<\/p><p>Fagan, J., and O. Komar. 2016. <em>Peterson Field Guide to the Birds of Northern Central America<\/em>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York.<\/p><p>Garrido, O.H, and A. Kirkconnell. 2000. <em>Field Guide to the Birds of Cuba<\/em>. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y.<\/p><p>Garrigues, R., and R. Dean. 2014. <em>The Birds of Costa Rica: A Field Guide (Second Edition)<\/em>. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y.<\/p><p>Gemmill, D. 2015. <em>Birds of Vieques Island, Puerto Rico: Status, Abundance, and Conservation<\/em>. Special issue of <em>The Journal of Caribbean Ornithology<\/em>, BirdsCaribbean, Scholarly & Specialized Publishing, Charlottesville, Virginia.<\/p><p>Haynes-Sutton, A., A. Downer, R. Sutton, and Y.-J. Rey-Millet. 2009. <em>A Photographic Guide to the Birds of Jamaica<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p><p>Holyoak, D.T. 2001. <em>Nightjars and Their Allies.<\/em> Oxford University Press.<\/p><p>Howell, S.N.G., and S. Webb. 1995. <em>A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America<\/em>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.<\/p><p>Latta, S., C. Rimmer, A. Keith, J. Wiley, H. Raffaele, K. McFarland, and E. Fernandez. 2006. <em>Birds of the Dominican Republic and Haiti<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p><p>McMullan, M., and T. Donegan. 2014, <em>Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia (Second Edition)<\/em>. Fundaci\u00f3n Proaves de Colombia, Bogot\u00e1.<\/p><p>Raffaele, H. 1989. <em>A Guide to the Birds of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p><p>Raffaele, H., J. Wiley, O. Garrido, A. Keith, and J. Raffaele. 1998. <em>A Guide to the Birds of the West Indies<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p><p>Ridgely, R.S., and J.A. Gwynne. 1989. <em>A Guide to the Birds of Panama (Second Edition)<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p><p>Wells, J.V., and A.C. Wells. 2017. <em>Birds of Aruba, Bonaire, and Cura\u00e7ao<\/em>. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a9 John Whigham \u00a9 Sue Riffe Birdfinding.info \u21d2  Common and easily detected by voice from late spring into summer in its core breeding areas: especially in Oklahoma, the Ozarks, central Texas, the Mississippi bottomlands, and the coastal plain from Mississippi and southeastern Virginia to southern Florida (see Breeding Bird Survey Abundance Map in Notes, below).  […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ocean_post_layout":"right-sidebar","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"off","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-species","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32764","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32764"}],"version-history":[{"count":58,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32764\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32859,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32764\/revisions\/32859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32764"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32764"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32764"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}