Birdfinding.info \u21d2<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 This extremely variable species is locally common in several parts of its range, but most readily observed in a few areas, especially in Uttarakhand at Sattal, Nainital, and Corbett National Park.\u00a0 Other sites where it can usually be found include the Godawari Forest in Nepal; the mountains of West Bengal (Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary and Singalila and Neora Valley National Parks); Chelela in Bhutan; Manas and Kaziranga National Parks in Assam; the Hongbenghe area of western Yunnan; and in western Thailand at Mae Wong and Kaeng Krachan National Parks.\u00a0 It has been introduced and is now well established on Hawaii\u2019s Big Island, where it can be found most readily in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on southeastern slopes of Mauna Kea, and in the hills north of Kailua-Kona.\u00a0 On Oahu, a small population appears to be established in the western hills, including Nanakuli Forest Reserve.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Kalij Pheasant<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Lophura leucomelanos<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Family: Phasianidae<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tropical and subtropical forests of Southern Asia<\/strong>, from foothills up to at least 11,000\u2019 elevation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a9 BirdLife International 2016<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Kalij Pheasant is taxonomically complex, consisting of several races (nine recognized subspecies) that differ widely in appearance but interbreed freely in areas of occasional overlap between them.\u00a0 Adding to the complexity, its sibling species, the Silver Pheasant, shows a similar degree of variation, and the races of Kalij and Silver that occupy adjacent areas sometimes interbreed and resemble one another more than either of them resembles distant races of their own species.\u00a0 The current classification of these intermediate races, along with the division of all Kalij-Silver races into two species, is based on genetic analyses of relatedness that strongly indicate both the validity of the distinction and the location of the line between them.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Kalij Pheasant occupies two adjoining regions: (1) the southern slopes and valleys of the Himalayas from northern Pakistan east to northern Myanmar and southern China; and (2) most of Myanmar plus adjacent areas of India, Bangladesh, China, and Thailand.<\/p>
An introduced population of the western race is well established on Hawaii\u2019s Big Island and more tenuously on Oahu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>
A highly variable pheasant with bright-red facial skin and broad fanlike tail feathers.\u00a0 Male is large (about 80 cm long, including 30 cm tail) and robust (up to 1 kg).\u00a0 Female is about three-quarters of the length and less than half the bulk of the male.<\/p>
Males vary so widely that they defy most generalizations, except that their plumage is a mix of black and white\u2014usually with a blue gloss apparent on some of the black feathers\u2014and their tail feathers are broad and proportionately short (relative to other pheasants).<\/p>
There are three main forms, with numerous variations and gradations, that can be simplified approximately as: (1) \u201cTypical\u201d<\/strong> from Pakistan to Nepal, and introduced to Hawaii; (2) \u201cBlack\u201d<\/strong> from eastern Nepal to Myanmar and southern China; and (3) \u201cSilver\u201d<\/strong> in southern Myanmar and western Thailand.\u00a0 Some populations show significant internal variation as well.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, male.\u00a0 (Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India; June 7, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Susanta Basak<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, male.\u00a0 (Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand, India; November 22, 2010.) \u00a0\u00a9 Gyorgy Szimuly<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, male showing more extensive white on the back than most.\u00a0 (Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand, India; February 3, 2015.) \u00a0\u00a9 Stefan Hirsch<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cTypical\u201d<\/strong> males are black with a bluish gloss on the neck, back, wing coverts, and tail, and variable amounts of elongated white or gray feathers on the throat and breast, variable white scaling on the back and rump, and a white or gray topknot.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, male.\u00a0 (Sattal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India; March 31, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Cl\u00e1udia Brasileiro<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, male showing typical coloration.\u00a0 (Sattal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India; November 9, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Venkatesh V.T.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, male in display posture.\u00a0 (Kona Heights, Big Island, Hawaii; January 1, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Reginald David<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, male showing elongated white feathers on underparts.\u00a0 (Nainital, Uttarakhand, India; March 6, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Abdul Saleem<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, male with mostly black plumage and dark gray streaks on underparts.\u00a0 (Halema\u2019uma\u2019u Trail, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Big Island, Hawaii; December 30, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Lucas Bobay<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, male showing a vivid blue gloss on black feathers.\u00a0 (Sattal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India; March 21, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Arunava Bhattacharjee<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, male with grayish-white\u00a0 streaking on underparts.\u00a0 (Kafal House, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India; April 20, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Ramesh Shenai<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, male with gray streaks on underparts, showing structure of red wattles on face.\u00a0 (Kipuka Puaulu, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Big Island, Hawaii; March 6, 2011.) \u00a0\u00a9 Brenda Wright<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, male showing black upperparts with white scaling on lower back and rump.\u00a0 (Volcano House, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Big Island, Hawaii; April 23, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Tresa Moulton<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, male with largely jet-black coloration, lacking bluish gloss, possibly due to the angle of the light.\u00a0 (Big Island Country Club, Pu\u2019u Anahulu, Big Island, Hawaii; August 5, 2005.) \u00a0\u00a9 Michael Walther<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cBlack\u201d<\/strong> males (mainly from eastern Nepal to Myanmar and southern China) have almost entirely black plumage, including the topknot, often with a bluish gloss, and with varying amounts of white or gray streaking on the neck and white scaling on the back and rump, and sometimes white or gray in the tail.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. lathami<\/em>, male with nearly all-black plumage.\u00a0 (Baksa, Assam, India; March 21, 2014.) \u00a0\u00a9 March Faucher<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. lathami<\/em>, male with nearly all-black plumage but fine white edgings on upperparts.\u00a0 (Tongbiguan, Yunnan, China; January 24, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Yuren Cao<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. lathami<\/em>, male with mostly black plumage but extensive white edgings on upperparts and partly gray tail.\u00a0 (Shiti Village, Yunnan, China; May 7, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Vincent Wang<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, male of one of the \u201ctypical\u201d western subspecies, but with largely jet-black coloration, lacking bluish gloss, possibly due to the angle of the light.\u00a0 (Big Island Country Club, Pu\u2019u Anahulu, Big Island, Hawaii; August 5, 2005.) \u00a0\u00a9 Michael Walther<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. lathami<\/em>, male with nearly all-black plumage but white scaling on lower back and rump.\u00a0 (Pakke Tiger Reserve, East Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh, India; January 3, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Snehasis Sinha<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. lathami<\/em>, male with mostly black, blue-glossed, plumage but extensive white edgings on upperparts and partly gray tail.\u00a0 (Hongbenghe, Yunnan, China; January 6, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Vincent Wang<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. crawfurdii<\/em>, male of a \u201cSilver\u201d race, showing black-and-white vermiculated upperparts, black crest, largely whitish tail, and pale-gray legs.\u00a0 (Kaeng Krachan National Park, Phetchaburi, Thailand; December 13, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 David Diller<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cSilver\u201d<\/strong> males (mainly eastern Myanmar and western Thailand) have jet-black underparts, mostly white or pale gray upperparts and tail that are variably covered with fine black vermiculations, and a black topknot.<\/p>
They closely resemble some races of Silver Pheasant, and were formerly classified as races of that species\u2014but have been reclassified based primarily on genetic studies.\u00a0 Some individuals have pink legs, as in Silver Pheasants, while others have the pale-gray legs typical of most Kalij Pheasants.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. crawfurdii<\/em>, male of a \u201cSilver\u201d race, showing black-and-white vermiculated upperparts, black crest, largely whitish tail, and pink legs.\u00a0 (Kaeng Krachan National Park, Phetchaburi, Thailand; March 9, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Tim Avery<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. crawfurdii<\/em>, male of a \u201cSilver\u201d race, showing black-and-white vermiculated upperparts, black crest, and largely whitish tail.\u00a0 (Kaeng Krachan National Park, Phetchaburi, Thailand; February 28, 2016.) \u00a0\u00a9 Julien Renoult<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. lathami<\/em>, male showing the same basic pattern as \u201cSilver\u201d males, with mostly black, blue-glossed, plumage but extensive white edgings on upperparts and partly gray tail.\u00a0 (Hongbenghe, Yunnan, China; February 2, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Liao Tzu-Chang<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. lathami<\/em>\u2014some males of the \u201cBlack\u201d subspecies, such as this one, share the same basic pattern as \u201cSilver\u201d males.\u00a0 (Hongbenghe, Yunnan, China; February 8, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Lefei Han<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Females are also highly variable, but somewhat less so than the males.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, male and female with mostly cold grayish-brown coloration.\u00a0 (Sattal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India; March 20, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Manolo Arribas<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Females of the \u201cTypical<\/strong>\u201d and \u201cBlack\u201d<\/strong> races are brown with tan scaling over much of the body.\u00a0 The predominant tone of the brown coloration varies over a wide spectrum, from blackish to whitish at the extremes.<\/p>
On any given individual, the brown is usually a paler, and often grayer, shade on the head, neck, chest, and back; and it becomes progressively darker toward the tail, and blackest on the outer tail feathers, which often have a blue gloss.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, female with mostly dark-brown coloration, showing black outer tail feathers.\u00a0 (Kipuka Puaulu, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Big Island, Hawaii; October 27, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Garrett Lau<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, female with mostly medium-brown coloration, showing black outer tail feathers with bluish gloss.\u00a0 (Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand, India; February 1, 2015.) \u00a0\u00a9 Stefan Hirsch<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. melanota<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, female with mostly blackish-brown coloration.\u00a0 (Godavari Botanical Gardens, Madhyamanchal, Nepal; September 28, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Elena Kreuzberg<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, female with \u201ctypical\u201d medium-brown coloration.\u00a0 (Sattal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India; March 1, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Nitin Chandra<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, female with mostly warm rusty-brown coloration.\u00a0 (Sattal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India; May 3, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Pankaj Gupta<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, female with mostly pale-brown coloration.\u00a0 (Sattal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India; March 31, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Cl\u00e1udia Brasileiro<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, female with mostly whitish coloration.\u00a0 (Sattal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India; April 21, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Rajaneesh Ghadi<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. lathami<\/em>, female and black-plumaged male\u2014note that this female is intermediate between those of the typical and Silver races, showing traces of the latter\u2019s general pattern, as well as its pink legs.\u00a0 (Hongbenghe, Yunnan, China; December 25, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Larry Chen<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. hamiltonii<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, close-up of female showing texture of feathers and bare red facial skin.\u00a0 (Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand, India; April 10, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Muhammed Asharaf Kariyil<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Females of the \u201cSilver\u201d<\/strong> races have mostly medium-brown upperparts, and a pattern of black-and-white streaks and chevrons on the head, neck, and underparts.\u00a0 Some of the wing and tail feathers are brown, and some are heavily barred with black and white.\u00a0 Their legs are typically, if not always, pink rather than gray.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. crawfurdii<\/em>, female showing black-and-white streaks and chevrons on the head, neck, and underparts, and black-and-white barring on the outer tail feathers.\u00a0 (Kaeng Krachan National Park, Phetchaburi, Thailand; March 9, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Tim Avery<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. crawfurdii<\/em>, female showing black-and-white streaks and chevrons on the head, neck, and underparts, and black-white-and-brown barring on most of the tail feathers.\u00a0 (Kaeng Krachan National Park, Phetchaburi, Thailand; February 15, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Wich\u2019yanan (Jay) Limparungpatthanakij<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Immature males generally resemble females in overall coloration, but do not show any of the females\u2019 characteristic patterns.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kalij Pheasant, L. l. melanota<\/em> or leucomelanos<\/em>, immature male.\u00a0 (Keanakolu Road, Big Island, Hawaii; June 4, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Fred Hochstaedter<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Voice.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Typical contact call is a nervous grunt, repeated like the rusty creak of a wobbling wheel: <\/iframe><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-529fb8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"529fb8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d067c00\" data-id=\"5d067c00\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22cd9d6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22cd9d6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><em>Cf. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.birdfinding.info\/silver-pheasant\/\">Silver Pheasant<\/a>.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Kalij and Silver Pheasants together comprise 24 recognized subspecies, each of which occupies a patch of southern Asia between northern Pakistan and eastern China, and south through most of Indochina to southwestern Thailand and southern Vietnam.\u00a0 The races of each species vary widely in appearance, and some are confusingly similar or resemble races of the other species.\u00a0 Based on genetic evidence, some subspecies that were traditionally classified as Silver have been reclassified as Kalij.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e1bebf4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e1bebf4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e5cae\" data-id=\"e5cae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31672c75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"31672c75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"516\" src=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/SilverPheasant25.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-36478\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/SilverPheasant25.png 755w, https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/SilverPheasant25-300x205.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d5af15a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d5af15a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Silver Pheasant. <em>L. n. jonesi<\/em>, male.\u00a0 (Hornbill Valley, Yingjiang, Yunnan, China; January 9, 2019.)\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbw.com\/ibc\/1608437\">\u00a9 Josep del Hoyo<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d3c414f\" data-id=\"7d3c414f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63400ec9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"63400ec9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"504\" src=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/KalijPheasant36.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-36628\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/KalijPheasant36.png 755w, https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/KalijPheasant36-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e3eff18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e3eff18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kalij Pheasant. <em>L. 1. crawfordi<\/em>, male. (Kaeng Krachan National Park, Phetchaburi, Thailand; February 28, 2016.)\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/observations\/3273290\">\u00a9 Julien Renoult<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2eb11c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2eb11c4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5af74d7\" data-id=\"5af74d7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7f111d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d7f111d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The zone of occasional or potential overlap between Kalij and Silver Pheasants (as currently understood) runs vertically on a map from western Yunnan Province in southern China south through eastern Myanmar, through northern and central Thailand.\u00a0 The populations west of this area are classified as Kalij and those to the east as Silver.\u00a0 In most areas, location is sufficient for identification\u2014in some cases, location is more reliable than appearance due to the internal variability of each species and their overall similarity to one another.<\/p><p>Confusion is most likely in the mountain forests from Yunnan to Chiang Mai (Thailand), where their normal ranges may be separated by only a few miles, and occasional intermingling occurs, though in most such areas observers will likely have the benefit of local knowledge to understand which race is expected there and which others occur in nearby areas.<\/p><p>Males of the highly similar races have black underparts, white upperparts that are variably covered with fine black vermiculations, medium-to-short tails (by Silver Pheasant standards) that match the upperparts, and a black topknot.\u00a0 As a general rule of thumb, male Silver Pheasants show more contrast: they have whiter upperparts and the black vermiculations stand out as lines, whereas male Kalij Pheasants appear partly gray unless seen at very close range.<\/p><p>Females of both species vary less than males, but overlap more in appearance.\u00a0 Most female Silver Pheasants are plainer brown than their Kalij counterparts, and show far less prominent scaling or barring.\u00a0 However, the most heavily patterned female Silvers are essentially identical to the least heavily patterned Kalij Pheasants, and probably would not distinguishable unless accompanied by a male\u2014but this would not necessarily be a reliable indicator, as they have been known to hybridize.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1dd45f89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1dd45f89\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-53b05e8d\" data-id=\"53b05e8d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a604bb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a604bb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Polytypic species consisting of nine recognized subspecies.<\/p><p>The three subspecies that occupy the southeastern portion of its range (in eastern Myanmar and western Thailand) were traditionally classified under the Silver Pheasant, but have been reclassified as Kalij Pheasant based on genetic evidence.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6aedc09a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6aedc09a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-49ca38d1\" data-id=\"49ca38d1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75c6d572 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75c6d572\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>BirdLife International. 2016. <em>Lophura leucomelanos<\/em>. <em>The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016:<\/em> e.T22679217A92807873. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679217A92807873.en\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679217A92807873.en<\/a>. (Accessed February 10, 2020.)<\/p><p>eBird. 2020. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, N.Y. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ebird.org\">http:\/\/www.ebird.org<\/a>. (Accessed February 9, 2020.)<\/p><p>Hawaii Audubon Society. 2005. <em>Hawaii\u2019s Birds <\/em><em>(Sixth Edition)<\/em>. Island Heritage Publishing, Waipahu, Hawaii.<\/p><p>McGowan, P.J.K., and G.M. Kirwan. 2020. Kalij Pheasant (<em>Lophura leucomelanos<\/em>). In <em>Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive<\/em> (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D.A. Christie, and E. de Juana, eds.). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbw.com\/node\/53489\">https:\/\/www.hbw.com\/node\/53489<\/a>. (Accessed February 9, 2020.)<\/p><p>Moulin, S., E. Randi, C. Tabarroni, and A. Hennache. 2003. Mitochondrial DNA diversi\ufb01cation among the subspecies of the Silver and Kalij Pheasants, <em>Lophura nycthemera<\/em> and <em>L. leucomelanos<\/em>, Phasianidae. <em>Ibis<\/em> 145:E1-E11.<\/p><p>Pratt, H.D., P.L. Bruner, and D.G. Berrett. 1987. <em>A Field Guide to the Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a9 Vijay S. \u00a9 Moe Bertrand \u00a9 Daniel Lane Birdfinding.info \u21d2\u00a0 This extremely variable species is locally common in several parts of its range, but most readily observed in a few areas, especially in Uttarakhand at Sattal, Nainital, and Corbett National Park.\u00a0 Other sites where it can usually be found include the Godawari Forest in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ocean_post_layout":"right-sidebar","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"off","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-species","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36648","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36648"}],"version-history":[{"count":116,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36648\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37159,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36648\/revisions\/37159"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}