{"id":38712,"date":"2020-03-21T22:14:02","date_gmt":"2020-03-22T02:14:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.birdfinding.info\/?p=38712"},"modified":"2020-03-22T17:07:55","modified_gmt":"2020-03-22T21:07:55","slug":"great-argus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/great-argus\/","title":{"rendered":"Great Argus"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u00a9 Ayuwat Jearwattanakanok<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\nhttps:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/AV3254_Argusianusargusgrayi_MY_1_1-50_C.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a9 Filip Verbelen<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Birdfinding.info <\/em><\/strong>\u21d2<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Shy and elusive, and therefore rarely seen, but its distinctive, far-carrying calls are often heard in forests of peninsular Malaysia, northern Sumatra, and northern Borneo.\u00a0 In Thailand, it can be found north of Phuket at Khao Sok National Park and along the Malaysian border at Thale Ban National Park.\u00a0 In Malaysia, it most easily found at Taman Negara National Park, but can also be found close to Singapore at Gunung Panti Forest Reserve.\u00a0 In Sabah, the Borneo Rainforest Lodge in the Danum Valley is the most accessible reliable site for the grayi<\/em> subspecies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Argusianus argus<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Family: Phasianidae<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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The Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo<\/strong>, where it inhabits humid tropical forests from lowlands up to about 1,300 m elevation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a9 BirdLife International 2016<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Populations persist in most remaining areas of extensive forest on Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula north to Lenya National Park in southern Myanmar.<\/p>

On Borneo, it occurs nearly throughout the Malaysian territories.\u00a0 In Kalimantan it appears to be more localized\u2014most reports are from East Kalimantan.<\/p>

As of 2016, the global population was estimated at >100,000.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

A large, brown pheasant with a mostly bare blue head, pale bill, and pink legs.\u00a0 The male\u2019s head is pastel-blue, with a bold, black \u201cmohawk\u201d crest.\u00a0 Most of the plumage is intricately textured with fine bars and spots.<\/p>

The male has extraordinarily long, broad tail-feathers and secondaries, which transform its overall appearance.\u00a0 The two central tail feathers grow to approximately 1.5 m\u2014nearly three-quarters of the bird\u2019s total length.<\/p>

Even more extraordinary are the elongated secondaries, which exceed 50 cm.\u00a0 When the wings are folded, they give the impression of a cylindrical carapace.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, male standing proudly.\u00a0 (Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia; May 6, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Lars Petersson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, male showing blue head with black mohawk, and coral-pink legs.\u00a0 (Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia; May 17, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Bj\u00f6rn Svensson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, male.\u00a0 (Taman Negara National Park, Kuala Tahan, Malaysia; February 4, 2006.) \u00a0\u00a9 John & Jemi Holmes<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, male showing the full length of its tail and wings.\u00a0 (Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia; May 6, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Lars Petersson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, male calling, and showing the extraordinary elongation of its tail feathers and secondaries.\u00a0 (Taman Negara National Park, Kuala Tahan, Malaysia; February 26, 2009.) \u00a0\u00a9 David Free<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, male calling.\u00a0 (Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia; May 6, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Lars Petersson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, male.\u00a0 (Thale Ban National Park, Satun, Thailand; May 3, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Ayuwat Jearwattanakanok<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, male showing buffy back.\u00a0 (Thale Ban National Park, Satun, Thailand; May 3, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Ayuwat Jearwattanakanok<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, male\u2014note grayish, rippled tail feathers.\u00a0 (Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia; May 6, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Lars Petersson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, male spreading its tail feathers.\u00a0 (Thale Ban National Park, Satun, Thailand; May 3, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Ayuwat Jearwattanakanok<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, young male.\u00a0 (Way Kambas National Park, Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia; November 8, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Robert Maxfield<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, male showing buffy back with black spots.\u00a0 (Thale Ban National Park, Satun, Thailand; May 3, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Ayuwat Jearwattanakanok<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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The two subspecies differ significantly in certain parts of their body coloration.\u00a0\u00a0The nominate subspecies, of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, has a rufous-brown chest, and its back is mostly pale buffy with black spots.\u00a0\u00a0The Bornean subspecies grayi<\/em> is bright-rufous brown on both the breast and the back.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, male showing rusty-brown chest.\u00a0 (Thale Ban National Park, Satun, Thailand; May 3, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Ayuwat Jearwattanakanok<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, A. a. grayi<\/em>, male, showing some of the extensively chestnut body plumage typical of this subspecies.\u00a0 (Danum Valley, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia; August 9, 2009.) \u00a0\u00a9 Wayne Hsu<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, male showing buffy back with black spots.\u00a0 (Taman Negara National Park, Kuala Tahan, Malaysia; May 11, 2014.) \u00a0\u00a9 Rosli Omar<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, A. a. grayi<\/em>, male.\u00a0 (Danum Valley, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia; January 2, 2009.) \u00a0\u00a9 Jason Bugay Reyes<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Females resemble males but lack the disproportionate wing and tail-feathers.\u00a0 Their heads are plainer than the male\u2019s, appearing bluish with sparse grayish feathers, and lacking the distinct black mohawk.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, female. \u00a0(Taman Negara National Park, Kuala Tahan, Malaysia; January 30, 2016.) \u00a0\u00a9 Tom Wheatley<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, female.\u00a0 (Taman Negara National Park, Kuala Tahan, Malaysia; January 27, 2016.) \u00a0\u00a9 Tom Wheatley<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, female.\u00a0 (Taman Negara National Park, Kuala Tahan, Malaysia; August 12, 2016.) \u00a0\u00a9 Christoph Moning<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Great Argus, female.\u00a0 (Taman Negara National Park, Kuala Tahan, Malaysia; May 27, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Todd A. Watkins<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Voice.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Gives two types of distinctive, loud calls.\u00a0 One is a liquid note repeated at brief (<1 second) intervals.\u00a0 As the series progresses, the tone rises and the notes become increasingly inflected: Kinabatangan River, Sabah, Malaysia; September 26, 2008. \u00a0\u00a9 Filip Verbelen<\/strong><\/a><\/p>

The other is a series of paired liquid notes repeated at intervals of about 6 to 10 seconds: Sabah, Malaysia. \u00a0\u00a9 Frank R. Lambert<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Cf. Crested Argus.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 The two arguses overlap in Malaysia\u2019s Taman Negara National Park and could be mistaken for one another if not seen well\u2014especially the females, which are similar in overall size, shape, and color.<\/p>

Males of the two species share approximately the same size and shape, although Crested\u2019s tail is longer and broader and its wing-feathers are less elongated than Great\u2019s.\u00a0 In overall coloration, Crested appears paler, grayer, and more noticeably spotted, while Great appears darker, browner, and more uniform.\u00a0 Their heads are more obviously different, as Crested\u2019s is feathered and has a broad, blackish mask framed by a white eyebrow and throat, whereas Great\u2019s is mostly bare and blue.<\/p>

Females are less conspicuously different.\u00a0 Both are warm-brown overall, with rusty tones on the neck and breast.\u00a0 However, the female Crested has widely spaced rows of dark-bordered white spots on its wings and tail, whereas female Great appears more uniform on the wings and tail.\u00a0 The heads of the females differ in the same way as the males\u2019 heads except that in both species that female\u2019s head coloration is less distinct than the male\u2019s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Notes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Polytypic species consisting of two recognized subspecies that are readily distinguishable: argus<\/em> of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, and grayi<\/em> of Borneo.<\/p>

IUCN Red List Status: Near Threatened<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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References<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

BirdLife International. 2016. Argusianus argus<\/em>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016:<\/em> e.T22725006A94883506. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22725006A94883506.en<\/a>. (Accessed March 21, 2020.)<\/p>

eBird. 2020. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, N.Y. http:\/\/www.ebird.org<\/a>. (Accessed March 21, 2020.)<\/p>

Madge, S., and P.J.K. McGowan. 2002. Pheasants, Partridges, and Grouse: A Guide to the Pheasants, Partridges, Quails, Grouse, Guineafowl, Buttonquails, and Sandgrouse of the World<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p>

McGowan, P.J.K. and G.M. Kirwan. 2020. Great Argus (Argusianus argus<\/em>). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive<\/em>. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. https:\/\/www.hbw.com\/node\/53520<\/a>. (Accessed March 21, 2020.)<\/p>

Robson, C. 2002. Birds of Thailand<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a9 Ayuwat Jearwattanakanok \u00a9 Filip Verbelen Birdfinding.info \u21d2\u00a0 Shy and elusive, and therefore rarely seen, but its distinctive, far-carrying calls are often heard in forests of peninsular Malaysia, northern Sumatra, and northern Borneo.\u00a0 In Thailand, it can be found north of Phuket at Khao Sok National Park and along the Malaysian border at Thale Ban 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