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{"id":41428,"date":"2020-04-20T21:13:39","date_gmt":"2020-04-21T01:13:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.birdfinding.info\/?p=41428"},"modified":"2020-04-21T00:29:51","modified_gmt":"2020-04-21T04:29:51","slug":"chestnut-bellied-sandgrouse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/chestnut-bellied-sandgrouse\/","title":{"rendered":"Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u00a9 Ramesh Desai<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\nhttps:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/XC277093-Chestnut-bellied-Sandgrouse2014-12-23-1.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a9 Andrew Spencer<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Birdfinding.info <\/em><\/strong>\u21d2<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Locally common in parts of the Sahel, eastern Africa, the eastern Arabian Peninsula, and India.\u00a0 Areas where it is especially common include: northwestern Senegal (Ndia\u00ebl Wildlife Reserve); central Ethiopia (Aledeghi Wildlife Reserve and Awash National Park); central Kenya (Samburu and Shaba National Reserves); northern Tanzania (Ngorongoro, Serengeti and Tarangire National Parks); coastal U.A.E. (Abu Dhabi to Dubai); southern Oman (Salalah); and many sites in India, including all of Gujarat, northwestern Rajasthan, Sultanpur National Park (near New Delhi), Mayureshwar Wildlife Sanctuary (near Mumbai), Manslapur Lake in Karnataka, Rollapadu Bird Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh, and Coimbatore and Koonthakulam Bird Sanctuary in Kerala.\u00a0 On Hawaii\u2019s Big Island, it is found most readily at Waikoloa, and less so on the Waimea Plains.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pterocles exustus<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Family: Pteroclidae<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Sahelian Africa to the Indian subcontinent,<\/strong> in deserts, savannas, barren plains, and arid scrub.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a9 BirdLife International 2018<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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In Africa, occurs in a band across the Sahel from southern Mauritania south to Guinea-Bissau east to Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia; in eastern Africa also ranges north to northern Egypt and south to central Tanzania.<\/p>

On the Arabian Peninsula: may occur nearly throughout, but mainly known from near-coastal regions, in the west north to Medina, and in the east north to Kuwait.<\/p>

In Asia, from southern Iran (Hormuz area) east across southern Pakistan and most of India south of the Himalayas, east to Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh (sporadically to Bihar and West Bengal), and south to Kerala.<\/p>

An introduced population is well-established on the dry northwestern plains of Hawaii\u2019s Big Island\u2014the result of a Hawaii Department of Fish & Game introduction program in the early 1960s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Among the most \u201ctypical\u201d of sandgrouse.\u00a0 Pin-tailed and largely sand-colored overall, with a dark chestnut belly.\u00a0 Males have a simple pattern, while females are intricately patterned.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, female and male.\u00a0 (Kachchh, Gujarat, India; December 23, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Bhaarat Vyas<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Male has mostly pale, sand-colored upperparts, with subtle shading that conveys a scaled appearance on the wings and back, and four to six narrow dark bars on the wing-coverts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male.\u00a0 (Banni Grassland, Kachchh, Gujarat, India; December 19, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Savio Fonseca<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The male\u2019s face, or entire head and neck, usually has a distinctly orange tone.<\/p>

The male\u2019s breast is sandy with a narrow black breastband, and the belly is chestnut.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male with pale, sandy-yellow upperparts and orange tones in the head and neck\u2014note narrow, dark bars on wing-coverts.\u00a0 (Salalah, Dhofar, Oman; December 12, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Carlos N. Bocos<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male.\u00a0 (Waikoloa, Big Island, Hawaii; January 30, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Don Coons<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male and female.\u00a0 (Amboseli National Park, Kenya; April 3, 2013.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Anthony Villaume<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male showing sandy-scaly upperparts with orange tones in the head and neck.\u00a0 (Kachchh, Gujarat, India; January 28, 2009.)\u00a0 \u00a9 James Holmes<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male with pale, sandy-yellow upperparts and orange tones in the head and neck\u2014note narrow, dark bars on wing-coverts.\u00a0 (Amboseli National Park, Kenya; April 3, 2013.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Anthony Villaume<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male, frontal view.\u00a0 (Bhutnal Kere, Bijapur, Bijapur, Karnataka, India; June 26, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Kavi Nanda<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, males showing pinkish sandy plumage with narrow, blackish breast-band.\u00a0 (Lark Plains, Arusha, Tanzania; October 5, 2012.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Nik Borrow<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male blending into yellow sand.\u00a0 (Salalah, Dhofar, Oman; December 9, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Carlos N. Bocos<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male with contrasty upperparts.\u00a0 (Amboseli National Park, Kenya; January 20, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Stephen Wainer<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male with darker, more olive plumage than most.\u00a0 (Serengeti National Park, Tanzania; December 10, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Tadeusz Rosinski<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male showing strong contrast between palle upperparts and dark underparts.\u00a0 (Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India; October 14, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Ashis Kumar Pradhan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male with rich, rusty coloration.\u00a0 (Bijnor South, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; February 24, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Able Lawrence<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male with grayish upperparts, and showing narrow, blackish breast-band.\u00a0 (Tudho, Dhofar, Oman; March 28, 2008.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Hanne & Jens Eriksen<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male with mostly yellowish plumage.\u00a0 (Buffalo Springs National Reserve, Kenya; July 15, 2010.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jacques Erard<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male with brown-and-tan coloration.\u00a0 (Nava Talav, Little Rann of Kachchh, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India; February 26, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Parthasarathy Gopalan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male with brown-and-tan coloration.\u00a0 (Tsavo East National Park, Kenya; December 15, 2014.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Lars Petersson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, pair mating.\u00a0 (Sorsan Blackbuck Sanctuary, Kota, Rajasthan, India; April 15, 2013.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Sunil Singhal<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male with remarkably orange plumage.\u00a0 (Banni Grasslands, Kachchh, Gujarat, India; June 8, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Shantilal Varu<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Female has heavily marked upperparts\u2014dark-brown bars and streaks over a sandy base-color\u2014usually with a few pale-sandy bars on the wings and spots on the back.<\/p>

The female\u2019s face is mostly unmarked, but the crown and neck are densely streaked.\u00a0 Often shows an orange tone on the face<\/p>

The female\u2019s underparts are much like the male\u2019s, except that the chest is densely streaked above the narrow black breastband.\u00a0 The belly is densely barred, but appears all-dark under most field conditions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, female showing dense, cryptic markings on the upperparts and chest.\u00a0 (Bhutnal Kere, Bijapur, Bijapur, Karnataka, India; June 26, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Kavi Nanda<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, female.\u00a0 (Great Rann of Kutch, Kachchh, Gujarat, India; February 1, 2014.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jaysukh Parekh Suman<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, female showing unmarked, orangey face and pale bars on the wings.\u00a0 (Banni Grassland, Kachchh, Gujarat, India; December 19, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Savio Fonseca<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, female.\u00a0 (Waikoloa, Big Island, Hawaii; September 24, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Eric VenderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, female.\u00a0 (Bhutnal Kere, Bijapur, Bijapur, Karnataka, India; June 26, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Kavi Nanda<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, female with dark-brown markings.\u00a0 (Banni Grasslands, Kachchh, Gujarat, India; June 8, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Shantilal Varu<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, female with reddish-brown markings.\u00a0 (Buffalo Springs National Reserve, Kenya; July 15, 2010.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jacques Erard<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, female blending into habitat.\u00a0 (Abdir Lavafields, Oromia, Ethiopia; January 21, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Holger Teichmann<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, female.\u00a0 (Great Rann of Kutch, Kachchh, Gujarat, India; February 19, 2015.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Marco Valentini<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, female showing dense, cryptic markings on the upperparts.\u00a0 (Amboseli National Park, Kenya; January 20, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Stephen Wainer<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, female.\u00a0 (Abdir Lavafields, Oromia, Ethiopia; January 21, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Holger Teichmann<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, newly hatched, downy chick.\u00a0 (Banni Grasslands, Kachchh, Gujarat, India; June 8, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Shantilal Varu<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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In flight, when seen from below, the overall pattern is distinctive: almost entirely dark underwings and continuously dark across the belly, with a paler head, chest, and undertail\u2014i.e., dark from wingtip to wingtip but pale at both ends.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male showing typical underside pattern: dark wings and continuously dark belly, but pale at both ends.\u00a0 (Desert National Park, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, India; January 14, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Lars Petersson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male showing dark underwings and belly, with white trailing edge on primaries.\u00a0 (Great Rann of Kutch, Kachchh, Gujarat, India; February 17, 2013.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jugal Tiwari<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, female showing dark, barred underwings and belly, with white trailing edge on primaries.\u00a0 (Great Rann of Kutch, Kachchh, Gujarat, India; February 9, 2014.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jugal Tiwari<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, flock showing underside pattern.\u00a0 (Aledeghi Wildlife Reserve, Afar, Ethiopia; November 17, 2007.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Lars Petersson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male showing dark underwing and chestnut belly, with left upperwing also visible.\u00a0 (Aledeghi Wildlife Reserve, Afar, Ethiopia; November 30, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Bob Butler<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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If seen from above in flight, the upperparts are mostly pale, but the primaries are blackish with a contrasting white trailing edge.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, two females at left and two males at right.\u00a0 (Netsi Village, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, India; December 19 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Harish Thangaraj<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, male showing upperwing: mostly pale-sandy inner half and mostly blackish outer half with white trailing edge.\u00a0 (Waiki\u2019i Ranch, Big Island, Hawaii; February 7, 2007.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Michael Walther<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, female showing upperwing: mostly pale-sandy inner half and mostly blackish outer half with white trailing edge.\u00a0 (Dubai Pivot Fields, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; November 6, 2010.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Arthur Grosset<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVoice.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Most calls are froglike double-clucks, given both in flight and on the ground: