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\u00a9 Dan Forster<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/XC472544-LS101349-Common-Myna-song-A.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a9 Peter Boesman<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

Birdfinding.info <\/em><\/strong>\u21d2<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 A high tolerance for urban environments and fast food has allowed the Common Myna<\/strong> to become one of the most successful invasive bird species globally.\u00a0 It is abundant throughout most of its natural range and in many areas that it has colonized from the 1800s onward\u2014especially tropical islands such as Hawaii, Fiji, Tahiti, New Caledonia, the Seychelles, and Mauritius, and other havens for non-native birds such as Israel, the U.A.E., Taiwan, and North Island, New Zealand.\u00a0 In the U.S., it is common and conspicuous throughout southeastern Florida, especially from Miami to Key West, and may be the most numerous landbird on the main Hawaiian Islands.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Common Myna<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Acridotheres tristis<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Family: Sturnidae<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Native to central and southern Asia; widely introduced elsewhere.<\/strong> \u00a0A habitat generalist that thrives in various semiopen habitats, including cities and other developed areas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Approximate natural range of the Common Myna.\u00a0 \u00a9 BirdLife International 2017<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Natural Range.<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0 From southern Kazakhstan south through eastern Iran, then east across the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka, and throughout Southeast Asia to southern China and Hainan, and south to the tip of the Malay Peninsula.<\/p>
Introductions.<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0 Human-associated populations are established and expanding in several regions.<\/p>
In Eurasia, it appears to have expanded its natural range westward to the Mediterranean coast (to western Turkey and Israel), including much of the Arabian Peninsula, east to Taiwan and south to northern Borneo and Java.\u00a0 There are small outpost populations in the southern Rhone valley of France; along the Iberian coast of Portugal and southwestern Spain; and in Japan\u2019s Ryukyu Islands and central Honshu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Around the Indian Ocean, it has colonized most of the settled islands, including the Maldives, Seychelles, Comoros, Mauritius, R\u00e9union, Rodrigues, and Madagascar, as well as southeastern Africa from Zambia to Cape Town, South Africa.<\/p>
Around the Pacific Ocean, it has colonized eastern Australia (Queensland to Victoria, and expanding in both directions), New Zealand (mainly North Island, but expanding south), New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands, and most of the major Polynesian island groups east to the Marquesas and north to Hawaii.<\/p>
In the South Atlantic, populations are established on Ascension and St. Helena.\u00a0 In the Caribbean, it is well-established in southern Florida (north to Cape Coral, Lake Okeechobee, and Jupiter) and has been found in small numbers north to Pensacola and south to Havana, Cuba.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>
A medium-large, sturdy, brown myna with a blackish hood, white belly, yellow bill and legs, and a patch of bare, yellow skin behind and below the eye (the suggestion of a tear being the source of its scientific name, tristis<\/em>, meaning sad).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna.\u00a0 (Fatehpur Sikri, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India; November 26, 2010.) \u00a0\u00a9 Tomas Grim<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Overall coloration varies across a wide spectrum of browns: from warm to cold and pale to blackish.\u00a0 The Sri Lankan population is recognized as a separate subspecies, melanosternus<\/em>, and is blacker overall than others.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, typical coloration.\u00a0 (Barbar, Ash Shamaliyah, Bahrain; November 2, 2010.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Christoph Moning<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, a pale, warm-brown individual.\u00a0 (Kubang Semang, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; March 20, 2019.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Neoh Hor Kee<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, a mostly dark-brown individual.\u00a0 (Lumphini Park, Bangkok, Thailand; March 8, 2019.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Tim Avery<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, a pale, warm-brown individual.\u00a0 (Georgetown, Penang, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; April 27, 2018.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Neoh Hor Kee<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna.\u00a0 (Florida City, Florida; February 6, 2015.) \u00a0\u00a9 Dave Allen<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna.\u00a0 (Kuhio Beach Park, Waikiki, Honolulu, Hawaii; July 25, 2017.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Thanasis Tsafonis<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, a mostly blackish-brown individual without a black hood.\u00a0 (Al Wakrah, Qatar; June 29, 2010.) \u00a0 \u00a9 John Thompson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna with an indistinct hood.\u00a0 (Green Park Extension, New Delhi, India; April 1, 2019.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Nitin Chandra<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, showing white belly and vent and white-and-black undertail.\u00a0 (Birrarung Marr, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; January 27, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Dan Forster<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The tail feathers are black with white tips, such that, when folded the undertail appears mostly white with black at the base, and when spread it appears mostly black with white tips.\u00a0 On its upperside, the tail appears dark-brown with white tips that appear broader at the corners.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, showing white belly and vent and white-and-black undertail.\u00a0 (Marathon, Florida; July 21, 2016.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Alex Lamoreaux<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, showing white belly and vent.\u00a0 (Boynton Beach, Florida; April 13, 2018.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Chuck Hignite<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, a cold-brown individual, showing white-tipped uppertail.\u00a0 (Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; March 24, 2019.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Terence Alexander<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, close-up showing yellow-and-black bare parts\u2014note the iris\u2019s appearance as a circle of white dots on a dark background.\u00a0 (Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; June 29, 2018.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Dan Forster<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, with bill open and showing full extent of yellow facial skin.\u00a0 (Ponnani Beach, Malappuram, Kerala, India; June 18, 2017.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Mathew Thekkethela<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, adult with most of its facial feathers missing, revealing extensive yellow skin.\u00a0 (Lumphini Park, Bangkok, Thailand; November 4, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Sergo Travelian<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, immature\u2014lacking black hood.\u00a0 (Relau Metropolitan Park, Penang, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; August 5, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Neoh Hor Kee<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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The wings have white patches that are visible mainly in flight.\u00a0 On the upperside, the patch is limited to the base of the primaries.\u00a0 On the underside, the primary patch is larger and joins white wing-linings.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, in flight, showing white wing-patches and tail-tip.\u00a0 (Miami, Florida; January 18, 2016.) \u00a0\u00a9 Bill Hill<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Mynas, squabbling and showing their white wing-patches.\u00a0 (Kannur, Kerala, India; February 19, 2017.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Jameela P.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, in flight, showing its black-and-white underwing pattern.\u00a0 (Lake Parramatta Reserve, New South Wales, Australia; March 9, 2019.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Kent Warner<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Mynas, apparently resorting to violence, with the victor showing its black-and-white underwing pattern.\u00a0 (Kamunting Ex-Mining Areas, Perak, Malaysia; April 21, 2018.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Neoh Hor Kee<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, showing its distinctive white-and-black underwing pattern.\u00a0 (Sabaragamuwa Palata, Sri Lanka; April 23, 2016.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Asiri Gauthamadsa<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, in the hand showing white on upperwing and uppertail.\u00a0 (Chokpak Ornithological Station, Ongt\u00fcstik Qazaqstan Oblysy, Kazakhstan; May 16, 2006.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Arnau Bonan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, showing white-and-black underwing pattern and folded tail appearing all-white.\u00a0 (Islamabad, Pakistan; April 11, 2015.) \u00a0\u00a9 Imran Shah<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, showing its distinctive white-and-black underwing pattern.\u00a0 (Lake Sorbulak, Almaty Oblysy, Kazakhstan; June 6, 2011.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Stanislav Harvan\u010d\u00edk<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, showing white-and-black underwing pattern and tail spread showing more black than white on the tail feathers.\u00a0 (Lake Sorbulak, Almaty Oblysy, Kazakhstan; June 6, 2011.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Stanislav Harvan\u010d\u00edk<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Common Myna, in an unusual mid-flight posture with tail spread and showing more black than white on the tail feathers.\u00a0 (Green Park Extension, New Delhi, India; March 7, 2018.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Nitin Chandra<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVoice.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Highly vocal, with a varied repertoire that includes both musical and grating tones.\u00a0 Often repeats a phrase several times, then changes to another one: <\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/426356\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/369018\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/311115\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/364334\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/533469\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/368954\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/444488\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4e482698 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4e482698\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4205d620\" data-id=\"4205d620\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67db1a9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67db1a9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Polytypic species consisting of two recognized subspecies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-12f881bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"12f881bc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e8e1bbf\" data-id=\"3e8e1bbf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f017db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f017db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Alderfer, J., and J.L. Dunn. 2014. <em>National Geographic Complete Birds of North America (Second Edition)<\/em>. National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.<\/p><p>BirdLife International. 2017. <em>Acridotheres tristis<\/em> (amended version of 2016 assessment). <em>The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017:<\/em> e.T22710921A111063735. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22710921A111063735.en\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22710921A111063735.en<\/a>. (Accessed April 28, 2020.)<\/p><p>Brazil, M. 2009. <em>Birds of East Asia.<\/em> Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p><p>Craig, A., C. Feare, and E.F.J. Garcia. 2020. Common Myna (<em>Acridotheres tristis<\/em>). In <em>Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive<\/em> (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D.A. Christie, and E. de Juana, eds.). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbw.com\/node\/60874\">https:\/\/www.hbw.com\/node\/60874<\/a>. (Accessed April 28, 2020.)<\/p><p>eBird. 2020. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, N.Y. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ebird.org\">http:\/\/www.ebird.org<\/a>. (Accessed April 28, 2020.)<\/p><p>Feare, C., A. Craig, B. Croucher, C. Shields, and K. Komolphalin. 1999. <em>Starlings and Mynas<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p><p>Hawaii Audubon Society. 2005. <em>Hawaii\u2019s Birds <\/em><em>(Sixth Edition)<\/em>. Island Heritage Publishing, Waipahu, Hawaii.<\/p><p>Pyle, R.L., and P. Pyle. 2017. <em>The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status<\/em>. Version 2 (January 1, 2017). <a href=\"http:\/\/hbs.bishopmuseum.org\/birds\/rlp-monograph\/\">http:\/\/hbs.bishopmuseum.org\/birds\/rlp-monograph\/<\/a>. B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii.<\/p><p>Robson, C. 2002. <em>Birds of Thailand<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p><p>Sinclair, I., P. Hockey, W. Tarboton, and P. Ryan. 2011. <em>Birds of Southern Africa <\/em><em>(Fourth Edition)<\/em>. Random House Struik (Pty) Ltd. Cape Town, South Africa.<\/p><p>Xeno-Canto. 2020. Common Myna \u2013 <em>Acridotheres tristis<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/species\/Acridotheres-tristis\">https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/species\/Acridotheres-tristis<\/a>. (Accessed April 28, 2020.)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a9 Dan Forster \u00a9 Peter Boesman Birdfinding.info \u21d2\u00a0 A high tolerance for urban environments and fast food has allowed the Common Myna to become one of the most successful invasive bird species globally.\u00a0 It is abundant throughout most of its natural range and in many areas that it has colonized from the 1800s onward\u2014especially tropical […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ocean_post_layout":"right-sidebar","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"off","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-species","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42167"}],"version-history":[{"count":90,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":56662,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42167\/revisions\/56662"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}