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\u00a9 Neoh Hor Kee<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/XC361789-Crested-Myna.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a9 Anon Torimi<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

Birdfinding.info <\/em><\/strong>\u21d2<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 In its natural range, the Crested Myna<\/strong> is generally common across most of eastern China, including the urban areas of Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Taipei, among others.\u00a0 Elsewhere, introduced populations are readily found in the vicinities of: Yokohama, Japan; Manila, Philippines; Penang, Malaysia; Lisbon, Portugal; and Mar del Plata, Argentina.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Crested Myna<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Acridotheres cristatellus<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Family: Sturnidae<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Native to temperate and subtropical East Asia; widely introduced elsewhere.<\/strong> \u00a0Mainly in humid open and semiopen habitats, including cities and agricultural fields.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Approximate natural range of the Crested Myna (shown in orange).\u00a0 \u00a9 BirdLife International 2016<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Natural range consists mainly of central and eastern China and adjacent countries: west to Shaanxi, Sichuan, and northeastern Myanmar, north to Hebei and Liaoning, and south to Laos and central Vietnam.\u00a0 Also native to Hainan and Taiwan.<\/p>
Introduced populations are well-established in several areas.\u00a0 In Asia, there are localized populations: on Honshu (mainly around Osaka and Yokohama); in the Philippines, throughout Luzon and more locally southward on Negros and Mindanao; in Borneo\u2019s north-coastal lowlands from Brunei through Sabah, and in southern Sarawak; and locally across much of peninsular Malaysia.<\/p>
In Europe, it is well-established around Lisbon, Portugal, and apparently expanding north to Porto, and possibly also east into Spain.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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In South America, it appears to be well-established along the Argentine coast in the vicinity of Mar del Plata and Mar Chiquita, with small numbers occurring from Buenos Aires to Neochea, and in the interior around C\u00f3rdoba.\u00a0 Scattered records indicate an ongoing expansion across much of central Argentina (as far as Chubut, Neuqu\u00e9n, Mendoza, Santa F\u00e9, and Entre R\u00edos) and likely to Uruguay.<\/p>
Throughout the 1900s (from the 1890s to the early 2000s), a well-known population existed in the vicinity of Vancouver, British Columbia, with a smaller outpost in Nanaimo on Vancouver Island.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>
A medium-large, black myna with a bushy frontal crest, and white wing-patches across the bases of the primaries.\u00a0 Sometimes appears all-black when wings are folded.<\/p>
The bill is pale greenish-yellow, the eyes are yellowish-orange, and the legs are orange.<\/p>
The undertail is mostly black with white tips on the coverts and the tail feathers.\u00a0 Viewed from above, the tail is black\u2014usually with very narrow white tips, although these are not always visible.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna.\u00a0 (Huajiang Wild Duck Nature Park, Taipei, Taiwan; December 12, 2015.) \u00a0\u00a9 Arnaud Lacroix<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna, showing white tips on undertail coverts and tail feathers.\u00a0 (Jinning Huwei River Estuary, Kinmen County, Taiwan; November 30, 2019.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Ting-Wei Hung<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna.\u00a0 (Poyang Lake National Wetland Park, Jiangxi, China; February 20, 2014.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Shelley Rutkin<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna, dorsal view showing almost all-black plumage, with thin traces of white on the folded wings and tail-tip.\u00a0 (Alpena, Arriba F\u00f3ssil da Costa da Caparica, Almada, Set\u00fabal, Portugal; March 11, 2016.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Daniel Raposo<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna, with white wing-patches concealed\u2014but note the slivers of white barely visible at the tips of the tail feathers.\u00a0 (Penang Botanical Gardens, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; January 14, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Neoh Hor Kee<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna, showing white wing-patches and white tips on undertail coverts and tail feathers.\u00a0 (Shek Kong Airfield Road, Hong Kong; December 29, 2018.) \u00a0 \u00a9 John Clough<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna, showing white tips on undertail coverts and tail feathers.\u00a0 (Georgetown, Penang, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; February 12, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Neoh Hor Kee<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna, showing white tips on tail feathers.\u00a0 (Hsinchu County, Taiwan; April 23, 2016.) \u00a0 \u00a9 \u76c8\u660c \u5289<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna, dorsal view showing almost all-black plumage.\u00a0 (Taipei, Taiwan; March 21, 2020.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Ann Huang<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna, with wings raised, showing pale areas on sides and flanks.\u00a0 (Wujiang River Estuary, Kinmen County, Taiwan; March 9, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Ting-Wei Hung<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna, immature, moulting into adult plumage, with head still brown.\u00a0 (Shagang Ranch, Kinmen County, Taiwan; September 12, 2018.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Ting-Wei Hung<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna, immature.\u00a0 (Complexo Desportivo Nacional do Jamor, Oeiras, Lisbon, Portugal; August 17, 2016.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Vasco Valadares<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Immatures generally resemble adults but are browner, especially on the head.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna, immature, moulting into adult plumage, with head still brown.\u00a0 (Lanyang River Estuary, Yilan County, Taiwan; September 21, 2016.) \u00a0 \u00a9 JingZu Tu<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna, in flight, dorsal view showing size and position of white wing-patches.\u00a0 (Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; January 15, 2010.) \u00a0\u00a9 Dave Bakewell<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna, in flight, dorsal view of an individual in fresh plumage showing maximum extent of white tips on tail feathers.\u00a0 (Yangguang Sports Park, New Taipei City, Taiwan; February 8, 2018.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Jerry Ting<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna, in flight, ventral view showing size and position of white wing-patches.\u00a0 (Shek Kong Airfield Road, Hong Kong; August 10, 2015.) \u00a0 \u00a9 John Clough<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Crested Myna, in flight, ventral view showing minimal white fringes on the tips of the undertail coverts and tail feathers.\u00a0 (Xucuogang, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; January 23, 2019.) \u00a0 \u00a9 You-Sheng Lin<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVoice.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Varied calls include musical whistles and rolling trills: <\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/361789\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>And reverberating bursts of notes:<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/51560\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-27c91e3c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"27c91e3c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29326a15\" data-id=\"29326a15\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5310a79c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5310a79c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><em>Cf. Other <\/em><\/strong><strong>Acridotheres<\/strong><strong> <em>Mynas.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Crested is one of six <em>Acridotheres<\/em> mynas that share the same basic features: gray-to-black overall with white wing-patches and bushy frontal crests. \u00a0Four of these are common and widespread and have partially overlapping ranges, due largely to introductions: <strong>Great<\/strong> (<em>grandis<\/em>); <strong>Crested<\/strong> (<em>cristatellus<\/em>); <strong>Javan<\/strong> (<em>javanicus<\/em>); and <strong>Jungle<\/strong> (<em>fuscus<\/em>).\u00a0 The other two are more localized and have more distinctive coloration, as their names suggest: <strong>Pale-bellied<\/strong> (<em>cinereus<\/em>) is endemic to Sulawesi; and <strong>Collared<\/strong> (<em>albocinctus<\/em>) occurs mainly in northern Myanmar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6ce644f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6ce644f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5393183\" data-id=\"5393183\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-705c135 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"705c135\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"508\" src=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/GreatMyna12.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-42451\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/GreatMyna12.jpg 660w, https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/GreatMyna12-300x231.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18779154 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18779154\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Great Myna.\u00a0 (Tinsukia, Assam, India; March 6, 2016.) \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/orientalbirdimages.org\/search.php?Bird_ID=2523&Bird_Image_ID=119189\">\u00a9 Mayuresh Khatavkar<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-719a689\" data-id=\"719a689\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f589fed elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2f589fed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"372\" src=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/CrestedMyna3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-42289\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/CrestedMyna3.jpg 480w, https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/CrestedMyna3-300x233.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-371647cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"371647cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Crested Myna.\u00a0 (Penang Botanical Gardens, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; January 14, 2019.)\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/135000381\">\u00a9 Neoh Hor Kee<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ab5d0ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ab5d0ff\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d635309\" data-id=\"d635309\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cb243f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4cb243f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Among the four widespread bushy-crested mynas, Crested is distinctive in three ways: (1) it has the least white on the tail and vent, limited to the tips of the undertail coverts and tail feathers; (2) its bill is greenish-yellow and does not match its leg color; and (3) its eyes are yellowish-orange.\u00a0 It can often be distinguished by overall coloration and crest shape, but these are less reliable.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-119eedbd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"119eedbd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2347c887\" data-id=\"2347c887\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab0f59f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab0f59f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><u>Tail and Vent Color:<\/u>\u00a0 Crested\u2019s undertail coverts and tail feathers are narrowly tipped with white, whereas the other species have mostly white undertail coverts and extensively white tail feathers.\u00a0 Seen from above, Crested\u2019s tail is almost entirely black, whereas the others all have a distinct white terminal band and white outer edges.<\/p><p><u>Bill and Leg Color:<\/u>\u00a0 Great, Javan, and Jungle Mynas all have matching, or nearly matching, yellowish-orange bills and legs\u2014although Jungle differs in that its bill is strongly bicolored, with a black base.\u00a0 Crested\u2019s bill is pale greenish-yellow (or ivory or \u201chorn-colored\u201d) and its legs are orange, sometimes bright and sometimes dark.\u00a0 The colors of both its bill and its legs differ from those of the others, and they differ from one another.<\/p><p><u>Eye Color:<\/u>\u00a0 Although eye color is somewhat variable and less reliable than the other features, it can be helpful for confirmation.\u00a0 Crested\u2019s is roughly intermediate between Great and the other two.\u00a0 Great\u2019s eyes usually appear dark-brown, or reddish when illuminated.\u00a0 Javan and Jungle usually show pale-yellow or whitish eyes, sometimes bluish-white.\u00a0 Crested\u2019s eyes are consistently medium-orange, paler than Great\u2019s and darker than Javan and Jungle\u2019s.<\/p><p><u>Overall Coloration:<\/u>\u00a0 The base color of the body plumage differs somewhat, but also varies within species.\u00a0 Typically: Great is close to jet-black; Crested tends to show some gray tones; Javan is dark slaty-gray with a blacker hood; and Jungle is medium slaty-gray with some brown tones and a much blacker hood.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ecfa369\" data-id=\"2ecfa369\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4029f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1a4029f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/JavanMyna2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-42468\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/JavanMyna2.jpg 480w, https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/JavanMyna2-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bde452c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3bde452c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Javan Myna.\u00a0 (Bukit Timah, Singapore; November 15, 2011.) \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/205377791\">\u00a9 Fran Trabalon<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27714838 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"27714838\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/JungleMyna3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-42474\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/JungleMyna3.jpg 480w, https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/JungleMyna3-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2292a31a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2292a31a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jungle Myna.\u00a0 (Kathmandu, Nepal; October 7, 2014.) \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/205689901\">\u00a9 John Thompson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ab67baf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ab67baf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-41a7cea\" data-id=\"41a7cea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8665f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8665f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><u>Crest Shape:<\/u>\u00a0 Crest shape may be helpful in some cases, but it is often ambiguous because all four species can have short crests.\u00a0 Typically, Great\u2019s crest is longer and spikier than any of the others, and Crested has the next-longest crest feathers.\u00a0 Javan and Jungle\u2019s crest-feathers are always shorter than typical Great and Crested.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-50b23b00 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50b23b00\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-73cac81c\" data-id=\"73cac81c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41531691 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41531691\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Polytypic species consisting of three recognized subspecies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d70e91c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d70e91c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-563bf8c8\" data-id=\"563bf8c8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19a5f945 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"19a5f945\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>BirdLife International. 2016. <em>Acridotheres cristatellus<\/em>. <em>The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016:<\/em> e.T22710946A94269013. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22710946A94269013.en\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22710946A94269013.en<\/a>. (Accessed April 29, 2020.)<\/p><p>Brazil, M. 2009. <em>Birds of East Asia.<\/em> Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p><p>Craig, A., and C. Feare. 2020. Crested Myna (<em>Acridotheres cristatellus<\/em>). In <em>Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive<\/em> (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D.A. Christie, and E. de Juana, eds.). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbw.com\/node\/60868\">https:\/\/www.hbw.com\/node\/60868<\/a>. (Accessed April 29, 2020.)<\/p><p>eBird. 2020. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, N.Y. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ebird.org\">http:\/\/www.ebird.org<\/a>. (Accessed April 29, 2020.)<\/p><p>EcoRegistros. 2020. Registros Ecol\u00f3gicos de la Comunidad. Cotorra. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecoregistros.org\/folha\/Acridotheres-cristatellus\">http:\/\/www.ecoregistros.org\/folha\/Acridotheres-cristatellus<\/a>. (Accessed April 29, 2020.)<\/p><p>Feare, C., A. Craig, B. Croucher, C. Shields, and K. Komolphalin. 1999. <em>Starlings and Mynas<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p><p>Xeno-Canto. 2020. Crested Myna \u2013 <em>Acridotheres <\/em><em>cristatellus<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/species\/Acridotheres-cristatellus\">https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/species\/Acridotheres-cristatellus<\/a>. (Accessed April 29, 2020.)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a9 Neoh Hor Kee \u00a9 Anon Torimi Birdfinding.info \u21d2\u00a0 In its natural range, the Crested Myna is generally common across most of eastern China, including the urban areas of Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Taipei, among others.\u00a0 Elsewhere, introduced populations are readily found in the vicinities of: Yokohama, Japan; Manila, Philippines; Penang, Malaysia; Lisbon, Portugal; 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