\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Fringillidae:<\/span> Finches, Euphonias, and Hawaiian Honeycreepers<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Atlantic Canary<\/a>.\u00a0 \u00a9 Jose Martin<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
The finches are a large and confusing family of songbirds most of which devote their lives to harvesting seeds with characteristically \u201cfinch-like\u201d bills: deep-based and roughly triangular or conical.\u00a0 Despite being identified with a certain bill shape, the family as a whole exhibits extreme oral plasticity, including bills that are peculiarly adapted for opening certain types of seed-cones and others for drinking nectar.<\/p>
Many types of finches thrive in harsh environments, including deserts, arctic tundra, alpine meadows, and boreal forests.\u00a0 Their adaptive focus on seed crops enables many species to survive beyond the tolerances of other songbirds, wintering at the highest elevations and latitudes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Antillean Siskin<\/a>.\u00a0 \u00a9 Rafael Arvelo<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Certain familiar temperate-zone finches, including Europe\u2019s Common Chaffinch<\/strong> (Fringilla coelebs<\/em>) and North America\u2019s House Finch<\/strong><\/a> (Haemorhous mexicanus<\/em>), are among the world\u2019s commonest songbirds and most consistent patrons of backyard bird feeders, but most finches are much more specialized.\u00a0 Outstanding examples of specialization include the various crossbills, whose asymmetric bills are optimized to pry open certain types of seed-cones.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Hispaniolan Euphonia<\/a>.\u00a0 \u00a9 Miguel Landestoy<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Genetic research has revealed that, in addition to typical seed-eating finches, the Fringillidae<\/em> includes two groups that inhabit tropical forests and exploit an array of other food sources.\u00a0 The chlorophonias and euphonias of Latin America are brightly colored frugivores that were traditionally classified as tanagers (Thraupidae<\/em>), and the Hawaiian honeycreepers are a diverse assortment that apparently descended from a single finch flock that arrived by accident about 5 million years ago and in a frenzy of adaptive radiation evolved to fill many niches.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Taxonomy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>
The Fringillidae<\/em> are a notoriously complicated family with many unresolved taxonomic issues.\u00a0 They were traditionally regarded as consisting of two similar subfamilies: the vast majority being cardueline finches (Carduelinae<\/em>), plus a small handful of chaffinches (Fringillinae<\/em>) which differ mainly in details of their internal anatomy.\u00a0 It was also suspected that the Hawaiian honeycreepers were a third subfamily (Drepanidinae<\/em>) that had split from the carduelines, although the consensus view was to recognize the Hawaiian clan as its own separate family.<\/p>
The taxonomic understanding changed dramatically when mitochondrial DNA studies determined that the carduelines are more closely related to the Neotropical euphonias (Euphoniinae<\/em>) than they are to the fringillines\u2014which effectively substituted the euphonias for the Hawaiian honeycreepers as the family\u2019s tropical cousins.\u00a0 Perhaps more surprising, the studies determined that the entire array of Hawaiian honeycreepers are a recent branch within the carduelines, so the banana-billed I\u2019iwi<\/strong><\/a> (Drepanis coccinea<\/em>) is a closer relative of most finches than either the finch-billed Common Chaffinch<\/strong> or Hawfinch<\/strong> (Coccothraustes coccothraustes<\/em>) is.<\/p>
At the species level, the Fringillidae<\/em> include a few groups in the process of speciation, whose diversity was long overlooked.\u00a0 For example, the chaffinches were always regarded as three species, but are trending toward ten.\u00a0 The family also includes the most challenging taxonomic puzzle in North American ornithology, the Red Crossbill<\/strong> (Loxia curvirostra<\/em>).\u00a0 Where a single species was believed to occur throughout the coniferous forests of North America and Eurasia, there may be up to 22 (or possibly more not yet recognized) Red Crossbill species\u2014but they are so similar-looking and otherwise confusing that as of 2020 only two localized forms had been recognized as separate.<\/p>
The total number of fringillid species, as currently understood, is in the range of 206 to 254 (plus 23 extinct), in three subfamilies, one of which is subdivided into five tribes:<\/p>
Fringillinae:<\/span> Chaffinches (4 to 10 species)<\/p>
Euphoniinae:<\/span> Euphonias (34 to 36 species)<\/p>
Carduelinae:<\/span> Typical finches (168 to 208 species, plus 23 extinct)<\/p>
Coccothraustini:<\/span> Grosbeak-finches (9 species)<\/p>
Pyrrhulini:<\/span> Rosy finches (22 to 32 species)<\/p>
Carpodacini:<\/span> Rosefinches (26 or 27 species, plus one extinct)<\/p>
Drepanidini:<\/span> Hawaiian honeycreepers (17 to 18 species, plus 22 extinct)<\/p>
Carduelini:<\/span> Canaries (94 to 122 species)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Common Chaffinch<\/strong> (Fringilla coelebs<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cCommon Chaffinch\u201d<\/strong> (F. c. coelebs<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cAzorean Chaffinch\u201d<\/strong> (F. c. moreletti<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cMadeiran Chaffinch\u201d<\/strong> (F. c. maderensis<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cCanary Islands Chaffinch\u201d<\/strong> (F. c. canariensis<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cLa Palma Chaffinch\u201d<\/strong> (F. c. palmae<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cAfrican Chaffinch\u201d<\/strong> (F. c. africana<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cTunisian Chaffinch\u201d<\/strong> (F. c. spodiogenys<\/em>)<\/p>
Tenerife Blue Chaffinch<\/strong> (Fringilla teydea<\/em>)<\/p>
Gran Canaria Blue Chaffinch<\/strong> (Fringilla polatzeki<\/em>)<\/p>
Brambling<\/strong> (Fringilla montifringilla<\/em>)<\/p>
Yellow-collared Chlorophonia<\/strong> (Chlorophonia flavirostris<\/em>)<\/p>
Blue-naped Chlorophonia<\/strong> (Chlorophonia cyanea<\/em>)<\/p>
Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia<\/strong> (Chlorophonia pyrrhophrys<\/em>)<\/p>
Blue-crowned Chlorophonia<\/strong> (Chlorophonia occipitalis<\/em>)<\/p>
Golden-browed Chlorophonia<\/strong> (Chlorophonia callophrys<\/em>)<\/p>
Hispaniolan Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia musica<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Puerto Rican Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia sclateri<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Lesser Antillean Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia flavifrons<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Elegant Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia elegantissima<\/em>)<\/p>
Golden-rumped Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia cyanocephala<\/em>)<\/p>
Jamaican Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia jamaica<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Plumbeous Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia plumbea<\/em>)<\/p>
Scrub Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia affinis<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cPale-vented Euphonia\u201d<\/strong> (E. a. godmani<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cScrub Euphonia\u201d<\/strong> (E. a. affinis<\/em>)<\/p>
Purple-throated Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia chlorotica<\/em>)<\/p>
Yellow-crowned Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia luteicapilla<\/em>)<\/p>
Trinidad Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia trinitatis<\/em>)<\/p>
Velvet-fronted Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia concinna<\/em>)<\/p>
Orange-crowned Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia saturata<\/em>)<\/p>
Finsch\u2019s Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia finschi<\/em>)<\/p>
Violaceous Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia violacea<\/em>)<\/p>
Thick-billed Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia laniirostris<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cBlack-tailed Euphonia\u201d<\/strong> (E. l. melanura<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cThick-billed Euphonia\u201d<\/strong> (E. l. laniirostris<\/em>)<\/p>
Yellow-throated Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia hirundinacea<\/em>)<\/p>
Green-throated Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia chalybea<\/em>)<\/p>
Fulvous-vented Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia fulvicrissa<\/em>)<\/p>
Golden-bellied Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia chrysopasta<\/em>)<\/p>
Bronze-green Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia mesochrysa<\/em>)<\/p>
Spot-crowned Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia imitans<\/em>)<\/p>
Olive-backed Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia gouldi<\/em>)<\/p>
White-vented Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia minuta<\/em>)<\/p>
Tawny-capped Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia anneae<\/em>)<\/p>
Orange-bellied Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia xanthogaster<\/em>)<\/p>
Rufous-bellied Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia rufiventris<\/em>)<\/p>
Golden-sided Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia cayennensis<\/em>)<\/p>
Chestnut-bellied Euphonia<\/strong> (Euphonia pectoralis<\/em>)<\/p>
Black-and-yellow Grosbeak<\/strong> (Mycerobas icterioides<\/em>)<\/p>
Collared Grosbeak<\/strong> (Mycerobas affinis<\/em>)<\/p>
Spot-winged Grosbeak<\/strong> (Mycerobas melanozanthos<\/em>)<\/p>
White-winged Grosbeak<\/strong> (Mycerobas carnipes<\/em>)<\/p>
Evening Grosbeak<\/strong> (Hesperiphona vespertina<\/em>)<\/p>
Hooded Grosbeak<\/strong> (Hesperiphona abeillei<\/em>)<\/p>
Hawfinch<\/strong> (Coccothraustes coccothraustes<\/em>)<\/p>
Chinese Grosbeak<\/strong> (Eophona migratoria<\/em>)<\/p>
Japanese Grosbeak<\/strong> (Eophona personata<\/em>)<\/p>
Pine Grosbeak<\/strong> (Pinicola enucleator<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cPine Grosbeak\u201d<\/strong> (P. e. enucleator<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cAlaskan Grosbeak\u201d<\/strong> (P. e. flammula<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cQueen Charlotte Grosbeak\u201d<\/strong> (P. e. carlottae<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cMontana Grosbeak\u201d<\/strong> (P. e. montana<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cCalifornia Grosbeak\u201d<\/strong> (P. e. californica<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cTaiga Grosbeak\u201d<\/strong> (P. e. leucura<\/em>)<\/p>
Brown Bullfinch<\/strong> (Pyrrhula nipalensis<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cBrown Bullfinch\u201d<\/strong> (P. n. nipalensis<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cMalay Bullfinch\u201d<\/strong> (P. n. waterstradti<\/em>)<\/p>
White-cheeked Bullfinch<\/strong> (Pyrrhula leucogenis<\/em>)<\/p>
Orange Bullfinch<\/strong> (Pyrrhula aurantiaca<\/em>)<\/p>
Red-headed Bullfinch<\/strong> (Pyrrhula erythrocephala<\/em>)<\/p>
Gray-headed Bullfinch<\/strong> (Pyrrhula erythaca<\/em>)<\/p>
Azorean Bullfinch<\/strong> (Pyrrhula murina<\/em>)<\/p>
Eurasian Bullfinch<\/strong> (Pyrrhula pyrrhula<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cEurasian Bullfinch\u201d<\/strong> (P. p. pyrrhula<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cBaikal Bullfinch\u201d<\/strong> (P. p. griseiventris<\/em>)<\/p>
Asian Crimson-winged Finch<\/strong> (Rhodopechys sanguineus<\/em>)<\/p>
African Crimson-winged Finch<\/strong> (Rhodopechys alienus<\/em>)<\/p>
Trumpeter Finch<\/strong> (Bucanetes githagineus<\/em>)<\/p>
Mongolian Finch<\/strong> (Bucanetes mongolicus<\/em>)<\/p>
Blanford\u2019s Rosefinch<\/strong> (Agraphospiza rubescens<\/em>)<\/p>
Gold-naped Finch<\/strong> (Pyrrhoplectes epauletta<\/em>)<\/p>
Spectacled Finch<\/strong> (Callacanthis burtoni<\/em>)<\/p>
Dark-breasted Rosefinch<\/strong> (Procarduelis nipalensis<\/em>)<\/p>
Plain Mountain-Finch<\/strong> (Leucosticte nemoricola<\/em>)<\/p>
Brandt\u2019s Mountain-Finch<\/strong> (Leucosticte brandti<\/em>)<\/p>
Asian Rosy-Finch<\/strong> (Leucosticte arctoa<\/em>)<\/p>
Gray-crowned-Finch<\/strong> (Leucosticte tephrocotis<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cPribilof Rosy-Finch\u201d<\/strong> (L. t. umbrina<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cAleutian Rosy-Finch\u201d<\/strong> (L. t. griseonucha<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cHepburn\u2019s Rosy-Finch\u201d<\/strong> (L. t. littoralis<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cGray-crowned Rosy-Finch\u201d<\/strong> (L. t. tephrocotis<\/em>)<\/p>
Black Rosy-Finch<\/strong> (Leucosticte atrata<\/em>)<\/p>
Brown-capped Rosy-Finch<\/strong> (Leucosticte australis<\/em>)<\/p>
Common Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus erythrinus<\/em>)<\/p>
Scarlet Finch<\/strong> (Carpodacus sipahi<\/em>)<\/p>
Bonin Grosbeak<\/strong> (Carpodacus ferreorostris<\/em>) \u2020<\/p>
Streaked Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus rubicilloides<\/em>)<\/p>
Great Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus rubicilla<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cGreat Rosefinch\u201d<\/strong> (C. r. rubicilla<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cSpotted Rosefinch\u201d<\/strong> (C. r. severtzovi<\/em>)<\/p>
Blyth\u2019s Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus grandis<\/em>)<\/p>
Red-mantled Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus rhodochlamys<\/em>)<\/p>
Himalayan Beautiful Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus pulcherrimus<\/em>)<\/p>
Chinese Beautiful Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus davidianus<\/em>)<\/p>
Pink-rumped Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus waltoni<\/em>)<\/p>
Pink-browed Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus rodochroa<\/em>)<\/p>
Dark-rumped Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus edwardsii<\/em>)<\/p>
Spot-winged Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus rhodopeplus<\/em>)<\/p>
Sharpe\u2019s Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus verreauxii<\/em>)<\/p>
Vinaceous Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus vinaceus<\/em>)<\/p>
Taiwan Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus formosanus<\/em>)<\/p>
Sinai Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus synoicus<\/em>)<\/p>
Pale Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus stoliczkae<\/em>)<\/p>
Tibetan Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus roborowskii<\/em>)<\/p>
Sillem\u2019s Mountain-Finch<\/strong> (Carpodacus sillemi<\/em>)<\/p>
Long-tailed Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus sibiricus<\/em>)<\/p>
Pallas\u2019s Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus roseus<\/em>)<\/p>
Three-banded Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus trifasciatus<\/em>)<\/p>
Himalayan White-browed Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus thura<\/em>)<\/p>
Chinese White-browed Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus dubius<\/em>)<\/p>
Red-fronted Rosefinch<\/strong> (Carpodacus puniceus<\/em>)<\/p>
Crimson-browed Finch<\/strong> (Carpodacus subhimachala<\/em>)<\/p>
Po\u2019o-uli<\/strong> (Melamprosops phaeosoma<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Akikiki<\/strong> (Oreomystis bairdi<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Kakawahie<\/strong> (Paroreomyza flammea<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Oahu Alauahio<\/strong> (Paroreomyza maculata<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Maui Alauahio<\/strong> (Paroreomyza montana<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Palila<\/strong> (Loxioides bailleui<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Laysan Finch<\/strong> (Telespiza cantans<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Nihoa Finch<\/strong> (Telespiza ultima<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Kona Grosbeak<\/strong> (Chloridops kona<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Lesser Koa-Finch<\/strong> (Rhodacanthis flaviceps<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Greater Koa-Finch<\/strong> (Rhodacanthis palmeri<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Ula-ai-hawane<\/strong> (Ciridops anna<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Akohekohe<\/strong> (Palmeria dolei<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Laysan Honeycreeper<\/strong> (Himatione fraithii<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Apapane<\/strong> (Himatione sanguinea<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
I\u2019iwi<\/strong> (Drepanis coccinea<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Black Mamo<\/strong> (Drepanis funerea<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Hawaii Mamo<\/strong> (Drepanis pacifica<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
O\u2019u<\/strong> (Psittirostra psittacea<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Lanai Hookbill<\/strong> (Dysmorodrepanis munroi<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Maui Parrotbill<\/strong> (Pseudonestor xanthophrys<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Kauai Nukupu\u2019u<\/strong> (Hemignathus hanapepe<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Oahu Nukupu\u2019u<\/strong> (Hemignathus lucidus<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Maui Nukupu\u2019u<\/strong> (Hemignathus affinis<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Akiapola\u2019au<\/strong> (Hemignathus wilsoni<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Kauai Akialoa<\/strong> (Akialoa stejnegeri<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Oahu Akialoa<\/strong> (Akialoa ellisiana<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Maui Nui Akialoa<\/strong> (Akialoa lanaiensis<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Lesser Akialoa<\/strong> (Akialoa obscura<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Anianiau<\/strong> (Magumma parva<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Kauai Amakihi<\/strong> (Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Oahu Amakihi<\/strong> (Chlorodrepanis flava<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Common Amakihi<\/strong> (Chlorodrepanis virens<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Greater Amakihi<\/strong> (Viridonia sagittirostris<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Hawaii Creeper<\/strong> (Manucerthia mana<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Akeke\u2019e<\/strong> (Loxops caeruleirostris<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Oahu Akepa<\/strong> (Loxops wolstenholmei<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Maui Akepa<\/strong> (Loxops ochraceus<\/em>) \u2020<\/a><\/p>
Hawaii Akepa<\/strong> (Loxops coccineus<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
House Finch<\/strong> (Haemorhous mexicanus<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Purple Finch<\/strong> (Haemorhous purpureus<\/em>)<\/p>
Cassin\u2019s Finch<\/strong> (Haemorhous cassinii<\/em>)<\/p>
Desert Finch<\/strong> (Rhodospiza obsoleta<\/em>)<\/p>
Arabian Grosbeak <\/strong>(Rhynchostruthus percivali<\/em>)<\/p>
Socotra Grosbeak<\/strong> (Rhynchostruthus socotranus<\/em>)<\/p>
Somali Grosbeak<\/strong> (Rhynchostruthus louisae<\/em>)<\/p>
European Greenfinch<\/strong> (Chloris chloris<\/em>)<\/p>
Oriental Greenfinch<\/strong> (Chloris sinica<\/em>)<\/p>
Yellow-breasted Greenfinch<\/strong> (Chloris spinoides<\/em>)<\/p>
Vietnamese Greenfinch<\/strong> (Chloris monguilloti<\/em>)<\/p>
Black-headed Greenfinch<\/strong> (Chloris ambigua<\/em>)<\/p>
Oriole Finch<\/strong> (Linurgus olivaceus<\/em>)<\/p>
Principe Seedeater<\/strong> (Crithagra rufobrunnea<\/em>)<\/p>
S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 Grosbeak<\/strong> (Crithagra concolor<\/em>)<\/p>
African Citril <\/strong>(Crithagra citrinelloides<\/em>)<\/p>
Western Citril <\/strong>(Crithagra frontalis<\/em>)<\/p>
Southern Citril <\/strong>(Crithagra hyposticta<\/em>)<\/p>
Black-faced Canary<\/strong> (Crithagra capistrata<\/em>)<\/p>
Papyrus Canary<\/strong> (Crithagra koliensis<\/em>)<\/p>
Forest Canary<\/strong> (Crithagra scotops<\/em>)<\/p>
White-rumped Seedeater<\/strong> (Crithagra leucopygia<\/em>)<\/p>
Black-throated Canary<\/strong> (Crithagra atrogularis<\/em>)<\/p>
Yellow-rumped Seedeater<\/strong> (Crithagra xanthopygia<\/em>)<\/p>
Reichenow\u2019s Seedeater<\/strong> (Crithagra reichenowi<\/em>)<\/p>
Olive-rumped Serin<\/strong> (Crithagra rothschildi<\/em>)<\/p>
Yellow-throated Seedeater<\/strong> (Crithagra flavigula<\/em>)<\/p>
Salvadori\u2019s Seedeater<\/strong> (Crithagra xantholaema<\/em>)<\/p>
Lemon-breasted Canary<\/strong> (Crithagra citrinipectus<\/em>)<\/p>
Yellow-fronted Canary<\/strong> (Crithagra mozambica<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
White-bellied Canary<\/strong> (Crithagra dorsostriata<\/em>)<\/p>
Ankober Serin<\/strong> (Crithagra ankoberensis<\/em>)<\/p>
Yemen Serin<\/strong> (Crithagra menachensis<\/em>)<\/p>
Cape Siskin<\/strong> (Crithagra totta<\/em>)<\/p>
Drakensberg Siskin<\/strong> (Crithagra symonsi<\/em>)<\/p>
Northern Grosbeak-Canary<\/strong> (Crithagra donaldsoni<\/em>)<\/p>
Southern Grosbeak-Canary<\/strong> (Crithagra buchanani<\/em>)<\/p>
Yellow Canary<\/strong> (Crithagra flaviventris<\/em>)<\/p>
Brimstone Canary<\/strong> (Crithagra sulphurata<\/em>)<\/p>
Reichard\u2019s Seedeater<\/strong> (Crithagra reichardi<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cReichard\u2019s Seedeater\u201d<\/strong> (C. r. reichardi<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cStripe-breasted Seedeater\u201d<\/strong> (C. r. striatipectus<\/em>)<\/p>
Streaky-headed Seedeater<\/strong> (Crithagra gularis<\/em>)<\/p>
West African Seedeater<\/strong> (Crithagra canicapilla<\/em>)<\/p>
Black-eared Seedeater<\/strong> (Crithagra mennelli<\/em>)<\/p>
Brown-rumped Seedeater<\/strong> (Crithagra tristriata<\/em>)<\/p>
White-throated Canary<\/strong> (Crithagra albogularis<\/em>)<\/p>
Thick-billed Seedeater<\/strong> (Crithagra burtoni<\/em>)<\/p>
Streaky Seedeater<\/strong> (Crithagra striolata<\/em>)<\/p>
Yellow-browed Seedeater<\/strong> (Crithagra whytii<\/em>)<\/p>
Kipengere Seedeater<\/strong> (Crithagra melanochroa<\/em>)<\/p>
Protea Canary<\/strong> (Crithagra leucoptera<\/em>)<\/p>
Twite<\/strong> (Linaria flavirostris<\/em>)<\/p>
Eurasian Linnet<\/strong> (Linaria cannabina<\/em>)<\/p>
Yemen Linnet<\/strong> (Linaria yemenensis<\/em>)<\/p>
Warsangli Linnet<\/strong> (Linaria johannis<\/em>)<\/p>
Redpoll<\/strong> (Acanthis flammea<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cLesser Redpoll\u201d<\/strong> (A. f. cabaret<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cCommon Redpoll\u201d<\/strong> (A. f. flammea<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cGreenland Redpoll\u201d<\/strong> (A. f. rostrata<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cArctic Redpoll\u201d<\/strong> (A. h. exilipes<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cHoary Redpoll\u201d<\/strong> (A. h. hornemanni<\/em>)<\/p>
Parrot Crossbill<\/strong> (Loxia pytyopsittacus<\/em>)<\/p>
Scottish Crossbill<\/strong> (Loxia scotica<\/em>)<\/p>
Red Crossbill<\/strong> (Loxia curvirostra<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cRed Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. curvirostra<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cCorsican Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. corsicana<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cBalearic Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. balearica<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cNorth African Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. poliogyna<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cCyprus Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. guillemardi<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cCrimean Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. mariae<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cAltai Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. altaiensis<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cTien Shan Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. tianschanica<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cHimalayan Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. himalayensis<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cDa Lat Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. meridionalis<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cJapanese Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. japonica<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cLuzon Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. luzoniensis<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cBendire\u2019s Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. bendirei<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cSitka Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. sitkensis<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cBent\u2019s Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (Loxia benti<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cLesser Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (Loxia minor<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cGrinnell\u2019s Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. grinnelli<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cStrickland\u2019s Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. stricklandi<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cGuatemalan Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. mesamericana<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cNewfoundland Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. c. pusilla<\/em>)<\/p>
Cassia Crossbill<\/strong> (Loxia sinesciuris<\/em>)<\/p>
White-winged Crossbill<\/strong> (Loxia leucoptera<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cTwo-barred Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. l. bifasciata<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cWhite-winged Crossbill\u201d<\/strong> (L. l. leucoptera<\/em>)<\/p>
Hispaniolan Crossbill<\/strong> (Loxia megaplaga<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Mountain Serin<\/strong> (Chrysocorythus estherae<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cMountain Serin\u201d<\/strong> (C. e. estherae<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cMindanao Serin\u201d<\/strong> (C. e. mindanensis<\/em>)<\/p>
European Goldfinch<\/strong> (Carduelis carduelis<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cEuropean Goldfinch\u201d<\/strong> (C. c. carduelis<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cEastern Goldfinch\u201d<\/strong> (C. c. caniceps<\/em>)<\/p>
Citril Finch<\/strong> (Carduelis citrinella<\/em>)<\/p>
Corsican Finch<\/strong> (Carduelis corsicanus<\/em>)<\/p>
Red-fronted Serin<\/strong> (Serinus pusillus<\/em>)<\/p>
European Serin<\/strong> (Serinus serinus<\/em>)<\/p>
Syrian Serin<\/strong> (Serinus syriacus<\/em>)<\/p>
Atlantic Canary<\/strong> (Serinus canaria<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Cape Canary<\/strong> (Serinus canicollis<\/em>)<\/p>
Yellow-crowned Canary<\/strong> (Serinus flavivertex<\/em>)<\/p>
Abyssinian Serin<\/strong> (Serinus nigriceps<\/em>)<\/p>
Black-headed Canary<\/strong> (Serinus alario<\/em>)<\/p>
Damara Canary<\/strong> (Serinus leucolaemus<\/em>)<\/p>
Tibetan Serin<\/strong> (Spinus thibetanus<\/em>)<\/p>
Lawrence\u2019s Goldfinch<\/strong> (Spinus lawrencei<\/em>)<\/p>
American Goldfinch<\/strong> (Spinus tristis<\/em>)<\/p>
Lesser Goldfinch<\/strong> (Spinus psaltria<\/em>)<\/p>
Antillean Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus dominicensis<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>
Eurasian Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus spinus<\/em>)<\/p>
Pine Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus pinus<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cPine Siskin\u201d<\/strong> (S. p. pinus<\/em>)<\/p>
\u201cChiapas Siskin\u201d<\/strong> (S. p. perplexus<\/em>)<\/p>
Black-capped Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus atriceps<\/em>)<\/p>
Black-headed Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus notatus<\/em>)<\/p>
Andean Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus spinescens<\/em>)<\/p>
Yellow-faced Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus yarrellii<\/em>)<\/p>
Yellow-bellied Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus xanthogastrus<\/em>)<\/p>
Red Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus cucullatus<\/em>)<\/p>
Thick-billed Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus crassirostris<\/em>)<\/p>
Hooded Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus magellanicus<\/em>)<\/p>
Saffron Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus siemiradzkii<\/em>)<\/p>
Olivaceous Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus olivaceus<\/em>)<\/p>
Black Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus atratus<\/em>)<\/p>
Yellow-rumped Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus uropygialis<\/em>)<\/p>
Black-chinned Siskin<\/strong> (Spinus barbatus<\/em>)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
References<\/strong><\/span><\/p>
Clement, P., A. Harris, and J. Davis. 1993. Finches and Sparrows: An Identification Guide<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p>
Hume, J.P. 2017. Extinct Birds (Second Edition)<\/em>. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, London.<\/p>
Pratt, H.D. 2005. The Hawaiian Honeycreepers: Drepanidinae<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/p>
Roberson, D. 2015. Bird Families of the World: Hawaiian Honeycreepers: Drepanidini<\/em>, http:\/\/creagrus.home.montereybay.com\/drepanids.html<\/a>. (Posted August 17, 2015. Accessed May 7, 2020.)<\/p>
Roberson, D. 2015. Bird Families of the World: Fringillid Finches: Fringillidae<\/em>, http:\/\/creagrus.home.montereybay.com\/fringillids.html<\/a>. (Posted August 30, 2015. Accessed May 7, 2020.)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Fringillidae: Finches, Euphonias, and Hawaiian Honeycreepers Atlantic Canary.\u00a0 \u00a9 Jose Martin The finches are a large and confusing family of songbirds most of which devote their lives to harvesting seeds with characteristically \u201cfinch-like\u201d bills: deep-based and roughly triangular or conical.\u00a0 Despite being identified with a certain bill shape, the family as a whole exhibits extreme […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ocean_post_layout":"right-sidebar","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"off","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-family","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43185"}],"version-history":[{"count":138,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43185\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":107937,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43185\/revisions\/107937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}