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{"id":43469,"date":"2020-05-09T13:15:20","date_gmt":"2020-05-09T17:15:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.birdfinding.info\/?p=43469"},"modified":"2020-05-09T19:14:42","modified_gmt":"2020-05-09T23:14:42","slug":"maui-parrotbill","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/maui-parrotbill\/","title":{"rendered":"Maui Parrotbill"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u00a9 Robby Kohley<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Birdfinding.info <\/em><\/strong>\u21d2<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Critically endangered and declining, but still present in tiny numbers, at least through the 2010s, at the Waikamoi Preserve on the northern slope of Mount Haleakala.\u00a0 Although the two sites are very close, it has very rarely been found in the Hosmer Grove.\u00a0 Originally discovered by collectors in the 1890s, then remained unknown until rediscoveries in 1950 and more definitively in 1967.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Maui Parrotbill<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pseudonestor xanthophrys<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Family: Fringillidae<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Endemic to Maui; critically endangered.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a9 BirdLife International 2016<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Confined to native forests on the northern and eastern slopes of Mount Haleakala in the range of 1,200 to 2,350 m (mainly 1,500 to 2,100 m) elevation in an effective habitat area of about 40 square kilometers.<\/p>

The lower elevation limit is largely determined by the presence of malarial mosquitoes, as it also occurred in the lowlands before the mosquitoes arrived on Maui.<\/p>

In 2019 the total population was estimated at between 44 and 312 individuals, having declined from previous estimate of 380 to 800, which had been more or less stable from the 1970s to the 2000s.\u00a0 An attempted introduction to the Hakula Forest Reserve on the southern slope of Haleakala was aborted as most of the transplanted birds quickly died of malaria.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

A plump, olive honeycreeper with a pale eyebrow, a blackish mask, and an outsized, parrotlike bill.<\/p>

Adult male develops a golden flush, strongest on the face, but also on the underparts and wings.<\/p>

Females and immatures are plainer, more gray-olive overall, but also have a variable golden flush on the underparts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Maui Parrotbill.\u00a0 (Waikamoi Preserve, Maui, Hawaii; June 8, 2008.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Michael Walther<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Maui Parrotbill.\u00a0 (Waikamoi Preserve, Maui, Hawaii; June 8, 2008.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Michael Walther<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Maui Parrotbill.\u00a0 (Waikamoi Preserve, Maui, Hawaii; September 8, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Conor Best<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Maui Parrotbill.\u00a0 (Waikamoi Preserve, Maui, Hawaii; September 8, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Conor Best<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Maui Parrotbill.\u00a0 (Waikamoi Preserve, Maui, Hawaii; August 4, 2012.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Joseph Leibrecht<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Maui Parrotbill.\u00a0 (Waikamoi Preserve, Maui, Hawaii; July 27 2009.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Aleix Comas<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Maui Parrotbill.\u00a0 (Waikamoi Preserve, Maui, Hawaii; March 11, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Alex Lin-Moore<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Maui Parrotbill.\u00a0 (Waikamoi Preserve, Maui, Hawaii; November 6, 2014.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jim Denny<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Maui Parrotbill.\u00a0 (Waikamoi Preserve, Maui, Hawaii; June 9, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Scott Nishiki<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Maui Parrotbill.\u00a0 (Hanawi Natural Area Reserve, Maui, Hawaii; May 6, 2009.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Elliot Schunke<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Voice.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Song is decribed as \u201ca cascade of warbles twee-twee-twee-twee-twee<\/em> or chewEE-chewEE-chewEE-chewEE-chewEE<\/em> with a distinctive plaintive quality.\u201d \u00a0(Pratt 2005)<\/p>

One of its calls is a crisp, rising too-wheet!<\/em><\/strong>: Pu\u2019u\u2019alae, Maui, Hawaii, April 11, 1979. \u00a0\u00a9 Tim Burr<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Notes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Monotypic species.\u00a0 The native Hawaiian name is Kiwikiu.<\/p>

IUCN Red List Status: Critically Endangered<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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References<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

BirdLife International. 2016. Pseudonestor xanthophrys<\/em>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016:<\/em> e.T22720753A94681687. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22720753A94681687.en<\/a>. (Accessed May 9, 2020.)<\/p>

eBird. 2020. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, N.Y. http:\/\/www.ebird.org<\/a>. (Accessed May 9, 2020.)<\/p>

Osher, W. 2019. Nine Rare Kiwikiu Birds Die Out of 13 Translocated at Maui\u2019s Nakula Forest. Maui Now<\/em> (November 12, 2019), https:\/\/mauinow.com\/2019\/11\/12\/nine-rare-kiwikiu-birds-die-out-of-13-translocated-at-mauis-nakula-forest\/<\/a>.<\/p>

Pratt, H.D. 2005. The Hawaiian Honeycreepers: Drepanidinae<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/p>

Pratt, H.D. 2020. Maui Parrotbill (Pseudonestor xanthophrys<\/em>). In Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive<\/em> (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D.A. Christie, and E. de Juana, eds.). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. https:\/\/www.hbw.com\/node\/61449<\/a>. (Accessed May 9, 2020.)<\/p>

Pyle, R.L., and P. Pyle. 2017. The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status<\/em>. Version 2 (January 1, 2017). http:\/\/hbs.bishopmuseum.org\/birds\/rlp-monograph\/<\/a>. B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a9 Robby Kohley Birdfinding.info \u21d2\u00a0 Critically endangered and declining, but still present in tiny numbers, at least through the 2010s, at the Waikamoi Preserve on the northern slope of Mount Haleakala.\u00a0 Although the two sites are very close, it has very rarely been found in the Hosmer Grove.\u00a0 Originally discovered by collectors in the 1890s, 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