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{"id":46486,"date":"2020-06-03T17:03:27","date_gmt":"2020-06-03T21:03:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.birdfinding.info\/?p=46486"},"modified":"2020-06-23T14:00:49","modified_gmt":"2020-06-23T18:00:49","slug":"hawaiian-petrel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/hawaiian-petrel\/","title":{"rendered":"Hawaiian Petrel"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u00a9 Joshua Little<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a9 Ken Chamberlain<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\nhttps:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/XC89638-Hawaiian-Petrel.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a9 UCSC CCAL<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Birdfinding.info <\/em><\/strong>\u21d2<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 The most accessible site for Hawaiian Petrel<\/strong> is the rim of Haleakala Crater in Haleakala National Park<\/strong>, where breeding birds can be heard at night (and sometimes seen arriving around dusk) from early March to mid-August.\u00a0 It would be among the expected species on any pelagic trip in the main Hawaiian Islands throughout the breeding season, from March to October, and there are a few prominent seawatches where it can sometimes be seen, including Hanapepe and Makahuena Point in Poipu, both on Kauai, and Ke\u0101hole Point on the Big Island.\u00a0 Since the 1990s it has been found year-round in tiny numbers on offshore trips from Oregon and northern California, and less regularly north to British Columbia and south to southern California.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pterodroma sandwichensis<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Family: Procellariidae<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Breeds in the main Hawaiian Islands, and ranges across the eastern North Pacific Ocean.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Approximate range of the Hawaiian Petrel.\u00a0 \u00a9 BirdLife International 2018<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Breeding.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Breeds from February or March to October (most eggs laid in May or June) on Kauai, Lanai, Maui, and the Big Island.\u00a0 Most nesting areas are in mountains, but the habitat varies from bare lava fields to cloud forest.<\/p>

Kauai\u2019s population has been estimated at around 1,600 pairs, concentrated in Upper Limahuli Preserve, Hono a Napali, and Kahili-Kapalaoa.<\/p>

Lanai\u2019s population has been estimated in the range of 2,000 to 3,000 pairs, mainly in the cloud forest at Lana\u2019i\u2019hale.<\/p>

On Maui, about 1,500 pairs are thought to breed along the western rim of Haleakala Crater, and about 100 pairs in the West Maui mountains.<\/p>

The Big Island population has been estimated at about 300 pairs distributed widely: in lava beds between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa; on the southeastern slopes of Mauna Loa; near Kilauea Crater; on Hualalai; and in the northern Kohala Mountains.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Formerly bred in the mountains of eastern Molokai, and some isolated detections of petrels flying inland at night indicate that it may still breed there.\u00a0 Subfossil remains indicate prehistorical breeding on Oahu.<\/p>

Nonbreeding.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 The Hawaiian Petrel\u2019s range at sea encompasses much of the North Pacific north and east of Hawaii.\u00a0 There are records at all times of year in offshore waters from the Queen Charlotte Islands south to Baja California.<\/p>

During the breeding season, it is often found at sea near the main Hawaiian Islands, including southward (by approximately 100-200 miles, based on reports from vessels in transit to or from Kiribati).\u00a0 Research using satellite telemetry indicates that some breeding birds regularly commute north to the Aleutian Islands.<\/p>

There are few field observations west of the main Hawaiian Islands, but satellite telemetry studies indicate that it wanders across the western Pacific at least as far as the Mariana Islands and presumably farther.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

A medium-large gadfly petrel with a fairly simple pattern: nearly all-dark upperparts and nearly all-white underparts, with black-and-white underwings.\u00a0 Essentially identical to Gal\u00e1pagos Petrel (see below).<\/p>

The head pattern is strong and contrasty: white forehead and throat versus black cap and dark-gray cowl.<\/p>

The underwings are mixed black-and-white: broadly tipped black with a black trailing edge, thick black leading edge, and thin black carpal bar.<\/p>

When the tail is folded, it appears long, thin, and tapered to a point.\u00a0 Seen from below, the undertail coverts are all-white, and the dark tail is usually visible only as a narrow tip or band.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel, showing typical cowl and underwing pattern.\u00a0 (Offshore from Monterrey, California; August 2, 2013.) \u00a0\u00a9 Brian Sullivan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel, with tail fanned.\u00a0 (Eleele, Kauai, Hawaii; November 26, 2005.) \u00a0\u00a9 Jim Denny<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel.\u00a0 (Offshore from Monterrey, California; August 25, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Beth Hamel<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel, showing typical cowl and underwing pattern.\u00a0 (Offshore from Newport, Oregon; August 24, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Doug Backlund<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel.\u00a0 (Offshore from Monterrey, California; August 25, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 James Holmes<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel.\u00a0 (Offshore from Newport, Oregon; August 27, 2016.) \u00a0\u00a9 Ken Chamberlain<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel.\u00a0 (Offshore from Newport, Oregon; August 24, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Ken Chamberlain<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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The upperparts often appear uniformly dark-gray, including the rump.\u00a0 Depending on feather-wear and lighting, some differences in tone may be detectable: generally somewhat paler on the back, and sometimes a faint dark M (or V).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel, showing dark-gray upperparts with subtly darker M or V.\u00a0 (Offshore from Newport, Oregon; August 27, 2016.) \u00a0\u00a9 Ken Chamberlain<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel, showing dark-gray upperparts with paler back and adjacent wing area.\u00a0 (Kaulakahi Channel, Kauai, Hawaii; June 12, 2016.) \u00a0\u00a9 Jacob Drucker<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel, showing dark-gray upperparts and crisply defined white forehead.\u00a0 (Offshore from Newport, Oregon; August 27, 2016.) \u00a0\u00a9 Ken Chamberlain<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel, frontal view.\u00a0 (Offshore from Monterrey, California; August 2, 2013.) \u00a0\u00a9 Brian Sullivan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel, showing mostly uniform dark-gray upperwing\u2014also note crisp facial pattern and smudgy dark cowl.\u00a0 (Offshore from Newport, Oregon; August 24, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Joshua Little<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel, showing mostly uniform dark-gray upperparts.\u00a0 (Offshore from Newport, Oregon; August 24, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Joshua Little<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel, showing dark-gray upperparts with paler back and adjacent wing area.\u00a0 (Offshore from Newport, Oregon; August 24, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Doug Backlund<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel, showing dark-gray upperparts with paler back and adjacent wing area.\u00a0 (Offshore from the Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii; August 19, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Lewis Gray<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel in nest burrow.\u00a0 (Kauai, Hawaii; July 27, 2012.) \u00a0\u00a9 Oscar Johnson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hawaiian Petrel in nest burrow.\u00a0 (Kauai, Hawaii; July 27, 2012.) \u00a0\u00a9 Oscar Johnson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVoice.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Calls heard at colonies include deep growls and sharp yelps: