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{"id":46556,"date":"2020-06-05T08:42:43","date_gmt":"2020-06-05T12:42:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.birdfinding.info\/?p=46556"},"modified":"2020-08-25T03:13:22","modified_gmt":"2020-08-25T07:13:22","slug":"laysan-rail","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/laysan-rail\/","title":{"rendered":"Laysan Rail \u2020"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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John Gerrard Keulemans, 1900<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Birdfinding.info <\/em><\/strong>\u21d2<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 The Laysan Rail<\/strong> remained common on Laysan Island into the 1910s: estimates of 2,000 in 1912 and 5,000 in 1915 are considered reasonable.\u00a0 But European Hare introduced in 1903 eventually denuded the one-square-mile island of most of its vegetation.\u00a0 By 1923, a dedicated effort found only two rails remaining on Laysan.\u00a0 By that time, however, additional populations were well-established on Midway Atoll\u2019s Sand and Eastern Islands.\u00a0 These survived until the accidental introduction of rats to Midway in 1943. \u00a0The rail was last seen on Eastern Island in July 1944.\u00a0 Although vegetation had by then returned to Laysan Island, there was unfortunately no attempt to re-establish the rail in its original range.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Laysan Rail \u2020<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Zapornia palmeri<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Family: Rallidae<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Extinct.\u00a0 Formerly endemic to Laysan Island in the Northwest Chain of Hawaii.<\/strong><\/p>

Introduced populations on Midway Atoll\u2019s Sand and Eastern Islands persisted from the 1890s until 1943-44.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

A small, flightless rail, very closely related to Baillon\u2019s Crake, with essentially the same plumage pattern, but duller.<\/p>

The face and breast were grayish.\u00a0 The crown and upperparts were plain-brown with darker streaks.\u00a0 The flanks and vent were brown with pale barring.\u00a0 The bill and legs were pale greenish.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Laysan Rail, adults with chicks.\u00a0 John Gerrard Keulemans, 1900<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Laysan Rail.\u00a0 (Laysan Island, Hawaii; 1913.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Alfred M. Bailey<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Laysan Rail, ventral view.\u00a0 (Specimen ID: RMNH.AVES.110009; Laysan Island, Hawaii; June 20, 1893.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Naturalis Biodiversity Center<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Laysan Rail, side view.\u00a0 (Specimen ID: RMNH.AVES.110009; Laysan Island, Hawaii; June 20, 1893.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Naturalis Biodiversity Center<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Laysan Rail, dorsal view.\u00a0 (Specimen ID: RMNH.AVES.110009; Laysan Island, Hawaii; June 20, 1893.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Naturalis Biodiversity Center<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Notes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Monotypic species.<\/p>

IUCN Red List Status: Extinct<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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References<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

BirdLife International. 2016. Zapornia palmeri<\/em>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016:<\/em> e.T22692672A93363618. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22692672A93363618.en<\/a>. (Accessed June 4, 2020.)<\/p>

Hume, J.P. 2017. Extinct Birds (Second Edition)<\/em>. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, London.<\/p>

Pyle, R.L., and P. Pyle. 2017. The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status<\/em>. Version 2 (January 1, 2017). http:\/\/hbs.bishopmuseum.org\/birds\/rlp-monograph\/<\/a>. B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii.<\/p>

Taylor, B., and B. van Perlo. 1998. Rails: A Guide to the Rails, Crakes, Gallinules, and Coots of the World<\/em>. Yale University Press.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

John Gerrard Keulemans, 1900 Birdfinding.info \u21d2\u00a0 The Laysan Rail remained common on Laysan Island into the 1910s: estimates of 2,000 in 1912 and 5,000 in 1915 are considered reasonable.\u00a0 But European Hare introduced in 1903 eventually denuded the one-square-mile island of most of its vegetation.\u00a0 By 1923, a dedicated effort found only two rails remaining 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