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{"id":49545,"date":"2020-07-27T09:34:12","date_gmt":"2020-07-27T13:34:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.birdfinding.info\/?p=49545"},"modified":"2020-07-29T22:07:15","modified_gmt":"2020-07-30T02:07:15","slug":"bulwers-petrel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/bulwers-petrel\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulwer\u2019s Petrel"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u00a9 Olli Tenovuo<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a9 Paul Chapman<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\nhttps:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/XC407940-Bulwers-Petrel.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a9 James Bradley<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Birdfinding.info \u21d2<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Locally common around some of the islands where it nests, but rarely seen elsewhere. \u00a0Especially common around Taiwan, where it can be seen near all of the coasts and from the ferry to Matsu Nangan. \u00a0In Japan it can often be seen from the ferries south of Tokyo to Miyake and Hachijo. \u00a0In the North Atlantic, it can be found offshore throughout Macaronesia and from ferries between islands in the Azores, Madeira, and Canary Islands.\u00a0 In Hawaii, it can be seen from late April to early October on offshore trips and from many seawatch points (best near dusk): on Kauai at Makahuena Point in Poipu<\/strong>; on Oahu at Makapu\u2019u Point<\/strong>; near Maui at Molokini Islet<\/strong>; and on the Big Island at Keahole Point<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulweria bulwerii<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Family: Procellariidae<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pantropical.\u00a0 Breeds on oceanic islands; otherwise entirely pelagic.<\/strong><\/p>

Breeding.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Breeds in five regions: (1) Macaronesia; (2) the western North Pacific; (3) Hawaii; (4) central Polynesia; and (5) Mauritius.\u00a0 In most areas mating begins in April or May and chicks fledge around September.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Approximate at-sea distribution of Bulwer\u2019s Petrel.\u00a0 \u00a9 BirdLife International 2018<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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In Macaronesia, it breeds in all five archipelagos: Azores (Santa Maria, San Miguel, Graciosa, Pico, and Flores); Madeira (mainly Desertas); Savage Islands; Canary Islands (Lobos, Alegranza, Roque del Oeste, and Monta\u00f1a Clara); and Cape Verde (Ilh\u00e9u de Cima and Raso).<\/p>

In the western North Pacific, it breeds on islets off of the Fujian coast of southern China, around Taiwan, and south of Japan: especially in the Ogasawara Islands and Nansei Shoto.<\/p>

In Hawaii, it breeds throughout the Northwest Chain and on several islets adjacent to the main islands.\u00a0 The largest colony (approximately 90,000 pairs) is on Nihoa.\u00a0 Elsewhere in the Northwest Chain, smaller numbers breed on Laysan, Necker, French Frigate Shoals, Lisianski, Pearl and Hermes Reefs, and Gardner Pinnacles.\u00a0 In the 2000s, it began to recolonize Kure and Midway (Eastern Island), decades after being extirpated by rats.\u00a0 In the main islands, known breeding sites include: near Ni\u2019ihau on Kaula and Lehua; near Kauai\u2019s Kilauea Point on Mokuaeae Islet; on islets along the northeastern coast of Oahu; near Molokai on Moku Ho\u2019oniki and islets in Kepuhi Bay; on islets along the south side of Lanai; on Kaho\u2019olawe; near Maui on Moke\u2019ehia, Hulu, and Molokini; and near the Big Island on Ke\u2019a\u2019oi Islet.\u00a0 The largest colonies are about 50 to 150 pairs each on Moke\u2019ehia, Molokini, and Ke\u2019a\u2019oi.<\/p>

In Polynesia, it is known to breed on the Marquesas Islands and suspected in the Phoenix and Tuamoto archipelagos.<\/p>

Near Mauritius, it has been suspected of breeding on Round Island since the 1980s.\u00a0 This is the only known breeding site in the Indian Ocean\u2014however, some kind of Bulweria<\/em> (possibly neither Bulwer\u2019s nor Jouanin\u2019s) is believed to breed in the Comoros Islands.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Movements.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Macaronesian populations winter in the tropical South Atlantic.\u00a0 A significant portion of western Pacific breeders\u2014and possibly central Pacific as well\u2014winter in the Indian Ocean.<\/p>

Wanderers sometimes appear far from the normal range, with scattered records that span most of the world\u2019s tropical and warm-temperate seas.\u00a0 However, there are only a handful of records from either coast of North America (California, Virginia, North Carolina, Florida) the Caribbean (Guadeloupe and Dominica), and South America (a few reports from Brazilian waters, but almost certainly occurs there regularly).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

A small, all-brown petrel with proportionately long wings, and a long, wedge-shaped tail that appears narrow and pointed as it is usually held closed.<\/p>

Habitually holds its wings pressed forward, bent at the wrist, and often arched or \u201ccupped\u201d\u2014although at times it also flies on straight, flat wings like a shearwater.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, showing characteristic pattern and coloration.\u00a0 (North of Madeira, Portugal; May 9, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Peter Flood<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, showing characteristic pattern and coloration.\u00a0 (Banco de la Concepci\u00f3n, Canary Islands, Spain; September 2, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Miguel Rouco<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Flight is usually direct and low over the water, following the contours of the waves.<\/p>

Sometimes patters its feet in the water like a storm-petrel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, showing characteristic pattern and coloration.\u00a0 (Banco de la Concepci\u00f3n, Canary Islands, Spain; August 17, 2014.) \u00a0\u00a9 Miguel Rouco<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel.\u00a0 (East of Madeira, Portugal; July 27, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Jeroen Vanheuverswyn<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, keeping low to the water.\u00a0 (East of Madeira, Portugal; July 3, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Paul Chapman<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, pattering its feet like a storm-petrel.\u00a0 (East of Madeira, Portugal; July 3, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Paul Chapman<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, showing wedge-shaped tail.\u00a0 (South of Madeira, Portugal; May 12, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Peter Flood<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, with wings in full upstroke.\u00a0 (South of Madeira, Portugal; May 29, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Luis Rodrigues<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, showing arched wing posture.\u00a0 (East of Madeira, Portugal; July 5, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Paul Chapman<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, with wings held straight and flat like a shearwater.\u00a0 (South of Madeira, Portugal; May 29, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Luis Rodrigues<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, with wings appearing rounded in this posture.\u00a0 (Offshore from western Oahu, Hawaii; April 4, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Eric VanderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel.\u00a0 (East of Madeira, Portugal; July 3, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Paul Chapman<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Details of coloration vary with lighting and molt-stage, but typically appears browner than other petrels and almost always shows a distinct contrasting pale-brown (or blond) stripe above the secondaries\u2014the stripe is usually conspicuous, but less so in freshly molted plumage.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel.\u00a0 (East of Madeira, Portugal; July 5, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Paul Chapman<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, appearing unusually blackish.\u00a0 (South of Madeira, Portugal; May 12, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Peter Flood<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, showing contrastingly blond wing-stripes.\u00a0 (East of Madeira, Portugal; July 3, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Paul Chapman<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, with plumage appearing exceptionally contrasty, blackish-and-grayish.\u00a0 (Offshore from western Oahu, Hawaii; April 4, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Eric VanderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel.\u00a0 (East of Madeira, Portugal; July 3, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Paul Chapman<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel.\u00a0 (East of Madeira, Portugal; July 5, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Paul Chapman<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, with aberrant white tail.\u00a0 (North of Madeira, Portugal; May 10, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Peter Flood<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel.\u00a0 (Offshore from Taitung, Taiwan; May 8, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Lars Petersson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The underwings appear uniformly brown or dark in neutral lighting, but can appear pale and shiny under some circumstances.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel.\u00a0 (Offshore from Desertas Islands, Madeira, Portugal; August 2, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Tom Bedford<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrels, with difference in underwing coloration due to the angle of the light.\u00a0 (Ogasawara Islands, Japan; July 6, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Yann Muzika<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, showing typical underwing color.\u00a0 (East of Madeira, Portugal; July 3, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Paul Chapman<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, with underwings appearing dark.\u00a0 (East of Madeira, Portugal; July 4, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Paul Chapman<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, with underwings appearing pale-gray in bright, glary light.\u00a0 (East of Madeira, Portugal; July 4, 2014.) \u00a0\u00a9 Anthony Collerton<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, close view of head and bill.\u00a0 (Ilh\u00e9u de Baixo, Graciosa, A\u00e7ores, Portugal; June 16, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 R\u00faben Coelho<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel.\u00a0 (Nihoa, Hawaii; September 8, 2011.) \u00a0\u00a9 Eric VanderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel.\u00a0 (Madeira, Portugal; September 2003.) \u00a0\u00a9 Georges Olioso<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, showing blackish legs and feet.\u00a0 (Nangan, Lienchiang, Taiwan; May 29, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Chun-Chieh Liao<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel.\u00a0 (Nihoa, Hawaii; September 8, 2011.) \u00a0\u00a9 Eric VanderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bulwer\u2019s Petrel, nestling.\u00a0 (Nihoa, Hawaii; September 8, 2011.) \u00a0\u00a9 Eric VanderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVoice.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Calls given at nesting sites sound like the hoarse barks of dogs: