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{"id":53497,"date":"2020-09-14T09:12:46","date_gmt":"2020-09-14T13:12:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.birdfinding.info\/?p=53497"},"modified":"2020-11-09T20:00:29","modified_gmt":"2020-11-10T00:00:29","slug":"family-apodidae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/family-apodidae\/","title":{"rendered":"Apodidae: Swifts"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Apodidae<\/strong><\/span>:<\/span> Swifts<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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American Black Swift<\/a>.\u00a0 \u00a9 Amy McAndrews<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The swifts are a large family of specialized aerial insectivores that have long, finlike wings and torpedolike bodies.\u00a0 They are the most aerial of birds; most swift species are rarely seen perched, and some reportedly sleep in flight during certain stages of their life cycle.\u00a0 Except when nesting, they typically spend their daylight hours in constant motion, harvesting insects on the wing, and roost at night in the concealment of caves, behind waterfalls, or in hollowed-out tree snags (or analogous human constructions such as chimneys), which are also the places where they build their nests.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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American Black Swift<\/a>.\u00a0 \u00a9 Bill Hill<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Most swifts share roughly the same body-plan, often described as a cigar with wings.\u00a0 Though similar to the swallows with whom they share the air, swifts are more fully adapted to fast and continuous flight.\u00a0 Their torpedolike bodies appear optimized for aerodynamics, round-headed tubular packages with no distinct contours between the head and the tail.\u00a0 Their wings are rigid, with short arms and extra-long primaries\u2014in some species the longest primaries exceed the length of the bird itself does from bill to tail.<\/p>

Swifts are extremely sociable.\u00a0 Most species breed colonially and live in flocks all-day and all-year.\u00a0 Swift flocks often include multiple species, as they tend to follow similar types of conditions to find similar types of prey.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Antillean Palm-Swift<\/a>.\u00a0 \u00a9 Tom Johnson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Insects are the only major food source compatible with swifts\u2019 lifestyle, which requires continuous availability of flying insects.\u00a0 As a result, a majority of swift species are tropical and most of the remaining species that occur in temperate climates are exclusively summer visitors.\u00a0 Among the few that remain for winter in areas that regularly freeze, such as the White-throated Swift<\/strong> (Aeronautes saxatalis<\/em>) of western North America, some type of hibernation or metabolic rate reduction is apparently required.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Based solely on visible and audible clues, swifts are largely unidentifiable to most observers, so context is usually a central factor in identification.\u00a0 In most locations, only one or a handful of swift species can be expected to occur regularly.\u00a0 But swifts are among the global champions of long-distance wandering, so geography does not narrow down the possibilities to the extent that most observers presume.<\/p>

Most swifts look more or less alike and the vast majority of species differ only subtly in size, shape, and shading from several closely related species.\u00a0 Moreover, most swift species can vary significantly in appearance doe to lighting, molt-stage, and posture, so their appearances are often unreliable for identification unless interpreted with an understanding of the relevant variables.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Taxonomy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Based on anatomy, supported by genetic analyses, swifts are divided into two families: a small group of treeswifts (Hemiprocnidae<\/em>) and the majority, known simply as swifts (Apodidae<\/em>), which include four major lineages.\u00a0 Among these lineages, one is considered its own subfamily, and the others are ranked as tribes within a second subfamily, as follows:<\/p>

Cypseloidinae:<\/u> Primitive swifts (13 species)<\/p>

Apodinae:<\/u> Modern swifts (100 to 117 species)<\/p>

Collocalini:<\/u> Swiftlets (42 to 43 species)<\/p>

Chaeturini:<\/u> Needletails (26 to 36 species)<\/p>

Apodini:<\/u> Typical swifts (32 to 38 species)<\/p>

As currently understood, therefore, the Apodidae<\/em> comprise somewhere in the range of 113 to 130 species.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Species<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Spot-fronted Swift<\/strong> (Cypseloides cherriei<\/em>)<\/p>

White-chinned Swift<\/strong> (Cypseloides cryptus<\/em>)<\/p>

White-fronted Swift<\/strong> (Cypseloides storeri<\/em>)<\/p>

American Black Swift<\/strong> (Cypseloides niger<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>

White-chested Swift<\/strong> (Cypseloides lemosi<\/em>)<\/p>

Rothschild\u2019s Swift<\/strong> (Cypseloides rothschildi<\/em>)<\/p>

Sooty Swift<\/strong> (Cypseloides fumigatus<\/em>)<\/p>

Great Dusky Swift<\/strong> (Cypseloides senex<\/em>)<\/p>

Chestnut-collared Swift<\/strong> (Streptoprocne rutila<\/em>)<\/p>

Tepui Swift<\/strong> (Streptoprocne phelpsi<\/em>)<\/p>

White-collared Swift<\/strong> (Streptoprocne zonaris<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>

Biscutate Swift<\/strong> (Streptoprocne biscutata<\/em>)<\/p>

White-naped Swift<\/strong> (Streptoprocne semicollaris<\/em>)<\/p>

Pygmy Swiftlet<\/strong> (Collocalia troglodytes<\/em>)<\/p>

Tenggara Swiftlet<\/strong> (Collocalia sumbawae<\/em>)<\/p>

Bornean Swiftlet<\/strong> (Collocalia dodgei<\/em>)<\/p>

Cave Swiftlet<\/strong> (Collocalia linchi<\/em>)<\/p>

Christmas Island Swiftlet<\/strong> (Collocalia natalis<\/em>)<\/p>

Plume-toed Swiftlet<\/strong> (Collocalia affinis<\/em>)<\/p>

Ridgetop Swiftlet<\/strong> (Collocalia isonota<\/em>)<\/p>

Gray-rumped Swiftlet<\/strong> (Collocalia marginata<\/em>)<\/p>

Drab Swiftlet<\/strong> (Collocalia neglecta<\/em>)<\/p>

Glossy Swiftlet<\/strong> (Collocalia esculenta<\/em>)<\/p>

Satin Swiftlet<\/strong> (Collocalia uropygialis<\/em>)<\/p>

Giant Swiftlet<\/strong> (Hydrochous gigas<\/em>)<\/p>

Three-toed Swiftlet<\/strong> (Hydrochous papuensis<\/em>)<\/p>

Black-nest Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus maximus<\/em>)<\/p>

Indian Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus unicolor<\/em>)<\/p>

Himalayan Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus brevirostris<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cHimalayan Swiftlet\u201d<\/strong> (A. b. brevirostris<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cIndochinese Swiftlet\u201d<\/strong> (A. b. rogersi<\/em>)<\/p>

Volcano Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus vulcanorum<\/em>)<\/p>

Whitehead\u2019s Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus whiteheadi<\/em>)<\/p>

Bare-legged Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus nuditarsus<\/em>)<\/p>

Mayr\u2019s Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus orientalis<\/em>)<\/p>

Halmahera Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus infuscatus<\/em>)<\/p>

Sulawesi Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus sororum<\/em>)<\/p>

Seram Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus ceramensis<\/em>)<\/p>

Mountain Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus hirundinaceus<\/em>)<\/p>

Australian Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus terraereginae<\/em>)<\/p>

Uniform Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus vanikorensis<\/em>)<\/p>

Marquesan Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus ocistus<\/em>)<\/p>

Tahiti Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus leucophaeus<\/em>)<\/p>

Atiu Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus sawtelli<\/em>)<\/p>

Caroline Islands Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus inquietus<\/em>)<\/p>

Palau Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus pelewensis<\/em>)<\/p>

Mariana Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus bartschi<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>

Ameline Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus amelis<\/em>)<\/p>

Philippine Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus mearnsi<\/em>)<\/p>

White-rumped Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus spodiopygius<\/em>)<\/p>

Seychelles Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus elaphrus<\/em>)<\/p>

Mascarene Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus francicus<\/em>)<\/p>

Germain\u2019s Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus germani<\/em>)<\/p>

White-nest Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus fuciphagus<\/em>)<\/p>

Mossy-nest Swiftlet<\/strong> (Aerodramus salangana<\/em>)<\/p>

Scarce Swift<\/strong> (Schoutedenapus myoptilus<\/em>)<\/p>

Schouteden\u2019s Swift<\/strong> (Schoutedenapus schoutedeni<\/em>)<\/p>

Philippine Spinetail<\/strong> (Mearnsia picina<\/em>)<\/p>

Papuan Spinetail<\/strong> (Mearnsia novaeguineae<\/em>)<\/p>

Malagasy Spinetail<\/strong> (Zoonavena grandidieri<\/em>)<\/p>

S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 Spinetail<\/strong> (Zoonavena thomensis<\/em>)<\/p>

White-rumped Spinetail<\/strong> (Zoonavena sylvatica<\/em>)<\/p>

Mottled Spinetail<\/strong> (Telacanthura ussheri<\/em>)<\/p>

Black Spinetail<\/strong> (Telacanthura melanopygia<\/em>)<\/p>

Silver-rumped Spinetail<\/strong> (Rhaphidura leucopygialis<\/em>)<\/p>

Sabine\u2019s Spinetail<\/strong> (Rhaphidura sabini<\/em>)<\/p>

Cassin\u2019s Spinetail<\/strong> (Neafrapus cassini<\/em>)<\/p>

B\u00f6hm\u2019s Spinetail<\/strong> (Neafrapus boehmi<\/em>)<\/p>

White-throated Needletail<\/strong> (Hirundapus caudacutus<\/em>)<\/p>

Silver-backed Needletail<\/strong> (Hirundapus cochinchinensis<\/em>)<\/p>

Brown-backed Needletail<\/strong> (Hirundapus giganteus<\/em>)<\/p>

Purple Needletail<\/strong> (Hirundapus celebensis<\/em>)<\/p>

Lesser Antillean Swift<\/strong> (Chaetura martinica<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>

Band-rumped Swift<\/strong> (Chaetura spinicaudus<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cPanamanian Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. s. aetherodroma<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cBand-rumped Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. s. spinicaudus<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cCentral Brazilian Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. s. aethalea<\/em>)<\/p>

Costa Rican Swift<\/strong> (Chaetura fumosa<\/em>)<\/p>

Gray-rumped Swift<\/strong> (Chaetura cinereiventris<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cNicaraguan Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. c. phaeopygos<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cEcuadorian Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. c. occidentalis<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cSclater\u2019s Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. c. sclateri<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cGray-rumped Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. c. cinereiventris<\/em>)<\/p>

Pale-rumped Swift<\/strong> (Chaetura egregia<\/em>)<\/p>

Vaux\u2019s Swift<\/strong> (Chaetura vauxi<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cVaux\u2019s Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. v. vauxi<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cYucat\u00e1n Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. v. gaumeri<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cRichmond\u2019s Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. v. richmondi<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cVenezuelan Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. v. aphanes<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cAndre\u2019s Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. v. andrei<\/em>)<\/p>

Chimney Swift<\/strong> (Chaetura pelagica<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>

Chapman\u2019s Swift<\/strong> (Chaetura chapmani<\/em>)<\/p>

Amazonian Swift<\/strong> (Chaetura viridipennis<\/em>)<\/p>

Sick\u2019s Swift<\/strong> (Chaetura meridionalis<\/em>)<\/p>

Short-tailed Swift<\/strong> (Chaetura brachyura<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>

\u201cShort-tailed Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. b. brachyura<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>

\u201cTumbes Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. b. ocypetes<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>

White-throated Swift<\/strong> (Aeronautes saxatalis<\/em>)<\/p>

White-tipped Swift<\/strong> (Aeronautes montivagus<\/em>)<\/p>

Andean Swift<\/strong> (Aeronautes andecolus<\/em>)<\/p>

Antillean Palm-Swift<\/strong> (Tachornis phoenicobia<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>

\u201cCuban Palm-Swift\u201d<\/strong> (T. p. iradii<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>

\u201cAntillean Palm-Swift\u201d<\/strong> (T. p. phoenicobia<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>

Pygmy Palm-Swift<\/strong> (Tachornis furcata<\/em>)<\/p>

Fork-tailed Palm-Swift<\/strong> (Tachornis squamata<\/em>)<\/p>

Great Swallow-tailed Swift<\/strong> (Panyptila sanctihieronymi<\/em>)<\/p>

Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift<\/strong> (Panyptila cayennensis<\/em>)<\/p>

African Palm-Swift<\/strong> (Cypsiurus parvus<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cAfrican Palm-Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. p. parvus<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cComoros Palm-Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. p. griveaudi<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cMadagascan Palm-Swift\u201d<\/strong> (C. p. gracilis<\/em>)<\/p>

Asian Palm-Swift<\/strong> (Cypsiurus balasiensis<\/em>)<\/p>

Alpine Swift<\/strong> (Apus melba<\/em>)<\/p>

Mottled Swift<\/strong> (Apus aequatorialis<\/em>)<\/p>

Dark-rumped Swift<\/strong> (Apus acuticauda<\/em>)<\/p>

Cook\u2019s Swift<\/strong> (Apus cooki<\/em>)<\/p>

Blyth\u2019s Swift<\/strong> (Apus leuconyx<\/em>)<\/p>

S\u00e1lim Ali\u2019s Swift<\/strong> (Apus salimalii<\/em>)<\/p>

Pacific Swift<\/strong> (Apus pacificus<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>

White-rumped Swift<\/strong> (Apus caffer<\/em>)<\/p>

Bates\u2019s Swift<\/strong> (Apus batesi<\/em>)<\/p>

Horus Swift<\/strong> (Apus horus<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cHorus Swift\u201d<\/strong> (A. h. horus<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cBrown-rumped Swift\u201d<\/strong> (A. h. fuscobrunneus<\/em>)<\/p>

Little Swift<\/strong> (Apus affinis<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cAfrican Little Swift\u201d<\/strong> (A. a. affinis<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cBannerman\u2019s Little Swift\u201d<\/strong> (A. a. bannermani<\/em>)<\/p>

\u201cIndian Little Swift\u201d<\/strong> (A. a. singalensis<\/em>)<\/p>

House Swift<\/strong> (Apus nipalensis<\/em>)<\/p>

Nyanza Swift<\/strong> (Apus niansae<\/em>)<\/p>

Malagasy Black Swift<\/strong> (Apus balstoni<\/em>)<\/p>

Bradfield\u2019s Swift<\/strong> (Apus bradfieldi<\/em>)<\/p>

African Black Swift<\/strong> (Apus barbatus<\/em>)<\/p>

Fernando Po Swift<\/strong> (Apus sladeniae<\/em>)<\/p>

Cape Verde Swift<\/strong> (Apus alexandri<\/em>)<\/p>

Forbes-Watson\u2019s Swift<\/strong> (Apus berliozi<\/em>)<\/p>

Plain Swift<\/strong> (Apus unicolor<\/em>)<\/p>

Common Swift<\/strong> (Apus apus<\/em>)<\/p>

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References<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Boyd, J.H., 2019. Taxonomy in Flux: Strisores II: Apodiformes. http:\/\/jboyd.net\/Taxo\/List6.html<\/a>. (Posted August 5, 2019. Accessed September 14, 2020.)<\/p>

Chantler, P. 2000. Swifts: A Guide to the Swifts and Treeswifts of the World (Second Edition)<\/em>. Yale University Press.<\/p>

Roberson, D. 2011. Bird Families of the World: Swifts, Apodidae<\/em>. http:\/\/creagrus.home.montereybay.com\/swifts.html<\/a>. (Posted August 7, 2011. Accessed September 14, 2020.)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apodidae: Swifts American Black Swift.\u00a0 \u00a9 Amy McAndrews The swifts are a large family of specialized aerial insectivores that have long, finlike wings and torpedolike bodies.\u00a0 They are the most aerial of birds; most swift species are rarely seen perched, and some reportedly sleep in flight during certain stages of their life cycle.\u00a0 Except when 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