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Laysan Albatross<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Phoebastria immutabilis<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Family: Diomedeidae<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Breeds in Hawaii, and in much smaller numbers on offshore islands of Japan and Mexico.\u00a0 Disperses throughout the North Pacific and adjacent seas.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a9 Xeno-Canto 2020<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Breeding.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Nests in November or December, mostly in large colonies on remote atolls but also in scattered pairs and small groups on headlands of larger islands.\u00a0 Most juveniles fledge in May and June.<\/p>
Midway Atoll supports well over half of the global population, with about 600,000 nesting pairs\u2014but varying widely: e.g., 284,600 in 2000-01 versus 666,044 in 2014-15. \u00a0Other colonies in the Northwest Chain of Hawaii are on Laysan (~140,000), Lisianski (~26,500), Kure (~25,000), Pearl and Hermes Reefs (~7,000), French Frigate Shoals (~3,100), and Necker (~500).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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In the main Hawaiian Islands, smaller numbers nest on Kauai (~300), Oahu (~150), Lehua (~90), Ka\u2019ula (~65), and Ni\u2019ihau (~25).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatrosses at their largest breeding colony.\u00a0 (Sand Island, Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaii; April 9, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Eric VanderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatrosses at a recently colonized nesting area. \u00a0(Ka\u2019ena Point, Oahu, Hawaii; March 26, 2018.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Forest Jarvis<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Also breeds in the western North Pacific on Wake Island, and in Japan\u2019s Ogasawara Islands on on Mukojima (~20 pairs).<\/p>
Began colonizing Mexican islands in the 1980s, where the population has increased steadily: Guadalupe (~500 pairs), Clari\u00f3n (~100), and a few on Rocas Alijos and Isla San Benedicto.<\/p>
Nonbreeding.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Subadults and nonbreeding adults remain at sea year-round, dispersing essentially throughout the North Pacific, south to around 20\u00b0 N and north into the Sea of Okhotsk and Bering Sea.<\/p>
A large portion of the population summers in the Bering Sea and around the Aleutian Chain, especially during the nonbreeding months, from July to October.\u00a0 Southward, it seems to be present year-round in most of its at-sea range.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>
Usually the only albatross in the North Pacific that has the typical mollymawk pattern: a mostly whitish body and mostly dark wings and back.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross.\u00a0 (Offshore from Bodega Bay, California; August 25, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Darren Clark<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The head is whitish except for a dark area around the eye\u2014most of the dark feathering is forward of the eye, with a partial browstripe extending behind it and a grayish shadow extending down across the cheeks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross. \u00a0(Offshore from Newport, Oregon; August 25, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Ken Chamberlain<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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The bill is mostly pale\u2014either plain, pinkish, yellowish, or orangish\u2014and subtly shades to gray near the tip.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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The uppersides of the wings are entirely dark-brown, except that the primaries have bright white shafts.<\/p>
The back is also dark-brown down to the upper half of the rump\u2014more extensive than on true mollymawks.\u00a0 The lower part of the rump is mostly white, often appearing as a U-shaped band.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, showing characteristic U-shaped white rump band and feet projecting past short tail.\u00a0 (Offshore from Bodega Bay, California; August 25, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Steve Butterworth<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The tail is short and dark-brown.\u00a0 The feet are pinkish-gray and often visible in flight as they project past the end of the tail.<\/p>
The undersides of the wings vary on a spectrum from mostly dark to mostly white.\u00a0 The most typical pattern consists of dark leading and trailing edges that frame a mostly white central area which is interrupted by sizeable dark patches on the primary coverts, inner secondary coverts, and axillaries.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, showing typical underwing pattern.\u00a0 (Sitkin Sound, Alaska; May 26, 2008.) \u00a0\u00a9 Steven Mlodinow<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross with extensively white underwings.\u00a0 (Offshore from Fort Bragg, California; September 24, 2017.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Robert Doster<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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At one end of the spectrum, some individuals have mostly white underwings, with narrow dark leading and trailing edges.\u00a0 At the other end of the spectrum, some individuals have almost entirely dark underwings with two uneven rows of white or partly white coverts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross with darker-than-average underwings.\u00a0 (Bodega Canyon, California; August 20, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Alan Wight<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross with extensively dark underwings.\u00a0 (Offshore from Bodega Bay, California; August 25, 2019.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Darren Clark<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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For a brief time, juveniles retain some dark down on the head and neck.\u00a0 Otherwise age classes are generally indistinguishable.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, recently fledged juvenile with dark downy feathers remaining on the head and neck.\u00a0 (Sand Island, Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaii; August 22, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Eric VanderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, one whose bill shows a notable orange flush and contrasting gray tip.\u00a0 (Sitkin Sound, Alaska; May 26, 2008.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Steven Mlodinow<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Notes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>
Monotypic species.<\/p>
IUCN Red List Status: Near Threatened<\/strong>.<\/p>
See below for a comparison of Laysan Albatross with the mollymawks: Black-browed, Campbell, and White-capped Albatrosses.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Cf. Black-browed, Campbell, and White-capped Albatrosses.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Laysan is the only mollymawk-type albatross that normally occurs in the North Pacific.\u00a0 It has not been recorded in the Southern Hemisphere, where all of the true mollymawks (genus Thalassarche<\/em>) usually remain, so the potential for overlap is limited to exceptional instances of long-distance vagrancy.\u00a0 The most similar mollymawks are Black-browed, Campbell, and White-capped (\u201cTasmanian Shy\u201d and \u201cAuckland Shy\u201d) Albatrosses, all of which have mostly white heads except for dark feathering around the eye, as on Laysan.<\/p>
The most consistent difference between Laysan and the similar mollymawks, visible even at long range, is the extent of white on rump: Laysan\u2019s dark back typically extends to the middle of the rump, whereas the mollymawks all have completely white rumps.\u00a0 The extent of the dark portion of Laysan\u2019s rump varies, so some borderline cases could occur and require consideration of other factors.\u00a0 The other differences are difficult to summarize because the mollymawks differ among themselves and by age, and Laysan has unusually variable underwing patterns.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Additional Photos of Laysan Albatross
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Laysan Albatross, with an atypically extensive white rump.\u00a0 (Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauai, Hawaii; March 22, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Russ Morgan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross.\u00a0 (Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauai, Hawaii; March 10, 2020.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Chris Burney<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross.\u00a0 (Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauai, Hawaii; February 19, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 Eric Hansen<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, showing U-shaped white rump band.\u00a0 (Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauai, Hawaii; December 15, 2016.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Laura Keene<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross. \u00a0(Ka\u2019ena Point, Oahu, Hawaii; December 24, 2017.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Jim Merritt<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, showing U-shaped white rump band. \u00a0(Offshore from Westport, Washington; August 25, 2013.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Ed Harper<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, showing typical underwing pattern.\u00a0 (Kaulakahi Channel, Hawaii; April 16, 2016.) \u00a0\u00a9 Jacob Drucker<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, showing typical underwing pattern. \u00a0(Ka\u2019ena Point, Oahu, Hawaii; March 25, 2020.) \u00a0 \u00a9 David Brock<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, showing typical underwing pattern.\u00a0 (Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauai, Hawaii; March 22, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Russ Morgan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, showing typical underwing pattern. \u00a0(Offshore from Tofino, British Columbia; March 17, 2019.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Ilya Povalyaev<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross with darker-than-average underwings.\u00a0 (Offshore from Westport, Washington; February 14, 2015.) \u00a0\u00a9 Mike Charest<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross with extensively white underwings. \u00a0(Ka\u2019ena Point, Oahu, Hawaii; March 26, 2018.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Forest Jarvis<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross with darker-than-average underwings.\u00a0 (Bodega Canyon, California; August 20, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Alan Wight<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross with extensively white underwings. \u00a0(Offshore from Westport, Washington; September 21, 2019.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Kari Freiboth<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross with whiteer-than-average underwings.\u00a0 (Sand Island, Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaii; April 9, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Eric VanderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross.\u00a0 (Sand Island, Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaii; April 9, 2018.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Eric VanderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross with darker-than-average underwings.\u00a0 (Turtle Bay Resort, Oahu, Hawaii; January 2, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Doug Clarke<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross with extensively dark underwings.\u00a0 (Offshore from San Mateo County, California; August 24, 2019.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Steve Kelling<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross.\u00a0 (Pioneer Canyon, California; July 21, 2013.) \u00a0\u00a9 Caroline Lambert<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross.\u00a0 (Offshore north of Unalaska Island, Alaska; June 21, 2017.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Stephan Lorenz<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross.\u00a0 (Offshore from Newport, Oregon; April 18, 2009.) \u00a0\u00a9 Greg Gillson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross.\u00a0 (Offshore from Westport, Washington; August 12, 2018.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Blair Bernson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, resting on a golf course where several pairs have nested.\u00a0 (Princeville, Kauai, Hawaii; February 27, 2020.) \u00a0\u00a9 Donna Pomeroy<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, awkwardly modeling the identification band on one of its pinkish-gray feet.\u00a0 (Princeville, Kauai, Hawaii; February 27, 2020.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Donna Pomeroy<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, on nest. \u00a0(Ka\u2019ena Point, Oahu, Hawaii; March 6, 2020.) \u00a0\u00a9 Lucas Corneliussen<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, braying. \u00a0(Ka\u2019ena Point, Oahu, Hawaii; January 20, 2019.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Jacob Drucker<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, frontal view showing head structure. \u00a0(Ka\u2019ena Point, Oahu, Hawaii; January 20, 2019.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Jacob Drucker<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, named \u201cWisdom\u201d was at least 60 years old in this photograph, having been banded when already a breeding adult in 1956.\u00a0 (Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaii; December 1, 2011.) \u00a0 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, showing gray facial shadow. \u00a0(Ka\u2019ena Point, Oahu, Hawaii; March 6, 2020.) \u00a0\u00a9 Lucas Corneliussen<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, close view of gray shading on face. \u00a0(Ka\u2019ena Point, Oahu, Hawaii; January 20, 2019.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Jacob Drucker<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, juvenile.\u00a0 (Sand Island, Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaii; August 22, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Eric VanderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Hybrid Laysan-x-Black-footed Albatross, among Laysans.\u00a0 (Sand Island, Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaii; April 9, 2018.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Eric VanderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, juvenile.\u00a0 (Princeville, Kauai, Hawaii; June 27, 2012.) \u00a0\u00a9 Daniel Lebbin<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, fledgling.\u00a0 (Kauai, Hawaii; June 10, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Bruce Smith<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, juvenile.\u00a0 (Princeville, Kauai, Hawaii; June 27, 2012.) \u00a0\u00a9 Daniel Lebbin<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Laysan Albatross, nestling.\u00a0 (Princeville, Kauai, Hawaii; February 27, 2020.) \u00a0 \u00a9 Donna Pomeroy<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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References<\/strong><\/span><\/p>
Alderfer, J., and J.L. Dunn. 2014. National Geographic Complete Birds of North America (Second Edition)<\/em>. National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.<\/p>
BirdLife International. 2018. Phoebastria immutabilis<\/em>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018:<\/em> e.T22698365A132643073. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698365A132643073.en<\/a>. (Accessed December 11, 2020.)<\/p>
Brazil, M. 2009. Birds of East Asia.<\/em> Princeton University Press.<\/p>
Brooke, M. 2004. Albatrosses and Petrels across the World<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/p>
eBird. 2020. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, N.Y. http:\/\/www.ebird.org<\/a>. (Accessed December 11, 2020.)<\/p>
Harrison, P. 1983. Seabirds: An Identification Guide<\/em>. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.<\/p>
Howell, S.N.G. 2012. Petrels, Albatrosses & Storm-Petrels of North America<\/em>. Princeton University Press.<\/p>
Howell, S.N.G., and S. Webb. 1995. A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/p>
Howell, S.N.G., and K. Zufelt. 2019. Oceanic Birds of the World.<\/em> Princeton University Press.<\/p>
Onley, D., and P. Scofield. 2007. Albatrosses, Petrels & Shearwaters of the World<\/em>. Princeton University Press.<\/p>
Pratt, H.D., P.L. Bruner, and D.G. Berrett. 1987. A Field Guide to the Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific<\/em>. Princeton University Press.<\/p>
Pyle, R.L., and P. Pyle. 2017. The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status<\/em>. Version 2 (January 1, 2017). http:\/\/hbs.bishopmuseum.org\/birds\/rlp-monograph\/<\/a>. B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii.<\/p>
Raine, H., and A.F. Raine. 2020. ABA Field Guide to the Birds of Hawai\u2019i<\/em>. Scott & Nix, Inc., New York.<\/p>
Seabirding of Japan. 2020. Laysan Albatross. http:\/\/seabirding-japan.com\/laysan-albatross\/<\/a>. (Accessed December 12, 2020.)<\/p>
Xeno-Canto. 2020. Laysan Albatross \u2013 Phoebastria immutabilis<\/em>. https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/species\/Phoebastria-immutabilis<\/a>. (Accessed December 11, 2020.)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00a9 Joshua Little \u00a9 Caroline Lambert Birdfinding.info \u21d2\u00a0 The common albatross of Hawaii and the Bering Sea.\u00a0 Uncommon but increasing in the eastern North Pacific waters directly accessible from continental American ports.\u00a0 A few are seen annually on pelagic trips out of ports from Alaska to Baja California\u2014at any time of year, but mostly from 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