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{"id":67414,"date":"2020-12-22T09:39:01","date_gmt":"2020-12-22T13:39:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.birdfinding.info\/?p=67414"},"modified":"2020-12-22T12:43:28","modified_gmt":"2020-12-22T16:43:28","slug":"swinhoes-white-eye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/swinhoes-white-eye\/","title":{"rendered":"Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u00a9 Cheng Ching Lu<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\nhttps:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/XC283133-Swinhoes-White-eye-Zosterops-simplex-simplex.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a9 Ko Chie-Jen<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Birdfinding.info \u21d2<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 The Chinese form is widespread and common across much of eastern China and Taiwan, including urban parks in cities such as Hong Kong and Taipei.\u00a0 This form is also common and increasing in southern California from Los Angeles to San Diego.\u00a0 The ecologically distinct \u201cWilliamson\u2019s\u201d form is locally common from central Thailand to Sumatra and Borneo in certain habitats, especially mangroves.\u00a0 Accessible locations where it can be found reliably include Bangkok (e.g., Bang Pu Recreation Center<\/strong><\/a>) and Singapore.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Zosterops simplex<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Family: Zosteropidae<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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East Asia south to Sumatra and Borneo.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a9 Xeno-Canto 2020<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Northern populations thrive in brushy woodlands of all kinds, from forests to urban gardens.\u00a0 Southern populations inhabit coastal forests of the humid tropics, some are effectively limited to mangroves.<\/p>

Disjunct distribution combines populations that were formerly classified under three species\u2014Japanese, Oriental, and Enggano White-eyes\u2014which have been reclassified based on studies of genetics, vocalizations, and other factors.\u00a0 The distinction is perhaps best preserved in part by regarding them as potentially distinct forms:<\/p>

\u201cChinese White-eye\u201d<\/strong> (simplex<\/em> and hainanus<\/em>): two subspecies that breed throughout much of central and eastern China, north to Hebei, Shanxi, and southern Gansu, west to eastern Myanmar, and south to northern Laos, Vietnam.\u00a0 Also on Taiwan and Hainan.<\/p>

Northern populations are migratory, withdrawing from the northern third or so of the breeding range, and wintering south to southeastern Myanmar, central Thailand, and central Vietnam.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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An introduced population is well-established and spreading in southern California.\u00a0 As of 2020 it was present from Malibu to Tijuana.<\/p>

\u201cWilliamson\u2019s White-eye\u201d<\/strong> (williamsoni<\/em> and erwini<\/em>): two subspecies that primarily occupy coastal habitats\u2014especially mangrove forests\u2014locally from the Gulf of Siam south along both coasts of the Malay Peninsula to the northwestern coast of Borneo and southern Sumatra.\u00a0 Also in some interior lowland forests of the southern Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.<\/p>

\u201cEnggano White-eye\u201d<\/strong> (salvadorii<\/em>): endemic to Enggano Island southwest of Sumatra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

A small, active, noisy songbird, mostly olive with the bold white-eyering typical of most Zosterops<\/em>.<\/p>

The upperparts are mostly yellowish-olive, usually pure-yellow on the forehead.\u00a0 In general, the upperparts coloration averages brighter than that of the Warbling White-eye<\/strong><\/a> and duller than Indian White-eye<\/strong>.<\/p>

The underparts are mostly gray with a lemon-yellow throat and undertail coverts.\u00a0 Sometimes shows a yellowish wash along the midline of the underparts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Taipei Botanical Garden, Taipei, Taiwan; November 13, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jared Keyes<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Shulin Lujiaoxi Wetland, New Taipei City, Taiwan; January 31, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Poshien Chien<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Da\u2019an Forest Park, Taipei, Taiwan; March 13, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jerry Ting<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Hong Kong Wetland Park, Hong Kong; February 18, 2012.)\u00a0 \u00a9 William Ip<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Lianhuashan Park, Guangdong, China; December 9, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Chris Thomas<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Taipei Botanical Garden, Taipei, Taiwan; May 11, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Cheng Ching Lu<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Yung\u2019an Wetland, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; January 5, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Liu Jyun-Fu<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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According to some identification references written before the taxonomic revision of Zosterops<\/em>, the geographically separate forms that have been classified together as Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye<\/strong> vary somewhat in the brightness of their plumage.\u00a0 If so, it is doubtful that any such differences are pronounced or consistent enough to distinguish them based solely on visual appearances.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Madrona Marsh, Los Angeles, California; May 28, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Kevin Kosidlak<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Lianhuashan Park, Guangdong, China; December 9, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Chris Thomas<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Taipei Botanical Garden, Taipei, Taiwan; May 11, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Cheng Ching Lu<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Taichung Metropolitan Park, Taiwan; January 29, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jared Keyes<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Taipei Botanical Garden, Taipei, Taiwan; November 13, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jared Keyes<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (William R. Mason Regional Park, Irvine, California; April 25, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Rhonda Howard<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (IRWD San Joaquin Marsh & Wildlife Sanctuary, Irvine, California; November 4, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jeff Bray<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (IRWD San Joaquin Marsh & Wildlife Sanctuary, Irvine, California; November 4, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jeff Bray<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Westchester Park, Los Angeles, California; April 2, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Javier Vazquez<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Zhuqi Dingbenzai Camping Area, Chiayi County, Taiwan; May 6, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Lars Petersson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai, Thailand; January 2, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Wich\u2019yanan (Jay) Limparungpatthanakij<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Taoyuan City, Taiwan; July 16, 2010.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Ting-Wei Hung<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Taipei, Taiwan; February 21, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Arlango Lee<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Swinhoe\u2019s White-eye.\u00a0 (Taipei Botanical Garden, Taipei, Taiwan; May 11, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Cheng Ching Lu<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Compared to the widespread migratory \u201cChinese\u201d<\/strong> form, the coastal resident \u201cWilliamson\u2019s\u201d<\/strong> form may tend to have slightly duller-olive (less yellow) upperparts and more extensive yellow on the underparts, but any such differences among the populations would be very difficult to detect.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cWilliamson\u2019s White-eye\u201d, Z. s. erwini<\/em>.\u00a0 (Satay by the Bay, Singapore; December 15, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Steven Cheong<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cWilliamson\u2019s White-eye\u201d, Z. s. erwini<\/em>, showing yellowish wash on midline of underparts.\u00a0 (Satay by the Bay, Singapore; November 4, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Koji Ichiyama<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cWilliamson\u2019s White-eye\u201d, Z. s. williamsoni<\/em>.\u00a0 (Bang Pu Recreation Center, Samut Prakhan, Thailand; May 20, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Ben Weil<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cWilliamson\u2019s White-eye\u201d, Z. s. williamsoni<\/em>.\u00a0 (Bang Pu Recreation Center, Samut Prakhan, Thailand; March, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Mark Stevenson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cWilliamson\u2019s White-eye\u201d, Z. s. erwini<\/em>.\u00a0 (Kranji Marsh, Singapore; August 30, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Steven Cheong<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cWilliamson\u2019s White-eye\u201d, Z. s. erwini<\/em>.\u00a0 (Kranji Marsh, Singapore; August 30, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Steven Cheong<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cWilliamson\u2019s White-eye\u201d, Z. s. williamsoni<\/em>.\u00a0 (Bang Pu Recreation Center, Samut Prakhan, Thailand; October 7, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 David Diller<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cWilliamson\u2019s White-eye\u201d, Z. s. williamsoni<\/em>, showing yellowish wash on midline of underparts.\u00a0 (Bang Pu Recreation Center, Samut Prakhan, Thailand; October 7, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 David Diller<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVoice.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Typical songs are smooth series of high, thin whistles: