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\u00a9 Nick Saunders<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/XC559010-Western-Meadowlark-Sturnella-neglecta.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a9 Ron Overholtz<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

Birdfinding.info \u21d2<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Common to locally abundant across much of western North America, especially on the Great Plains, where it is one of the most numerous and conspciuous breeding birds across most of the region (see Breeding Bird Survey Abundance Map<\/em><\/strong> in Notes<\/u><\/strong> below).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Western Meadowlark<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Sturnella neglecta<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Family: Icteridae<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western and central North America.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a9 Xeno-Canto 2021<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Breeding.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Breeds from late March to July in grasslands of the Great Plains, Great Basin, and other western biomes from central British Columbia, the prairie provinces, and western Great Lakes region south to Baja California and in the central plateau of Mexico to Guanajuato.<\/p>
Breeds locally or sporadically north of its usual range in Canada and east to Lake Erie.<\/p>
Nonbreeding.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Winters from southwestern British Columbia, Idaho, Wyoming, Nebraska, and Iowa south to central Mexico (to Baja California Sur, Jalisco, Michoac\u00e1n, and Tamaulipas), and east to Louisiana.<\/p>
A few stragglers remain overwinter on the northern breeding grounds.<\/p>
Movements.<\/em><\/strong> \u00a0Northbound migration occurs mainly during March.\u00a0 Southbound migration begins in August and continues into November.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Regularly strays far east of usual range in both spring and fall to the St. Lawrence Valley and New England, casually to the Maritime provinces.\u00a0 Recorded less often along the Eastern Seaboard from the Mid-Atlantic to Florida\u2014but presumably underreported due to difficulty of distinguishing it from the expected Eastern Meadowlark.<\/p>
Recorded casually north to southeastern Alaska, the Liard River Valley, and northern Manitoba (Churchill); exceptionally to Kodiak Island, Cook Inlet, the interior of Alaska (Delta Junction), and the northern coast of the Yukon (Herschel Island) and Northwest Territories (Paulatuk).<\/p>
Introductions.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Introduced to several of the Hawaiian Islands in the 1920s and \u201830s as an experimental insect control measure.\u00a0 Bred successfully only on Kauai, where the population increased until the 1980s, then declined somewhat but remains established.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>
Familiar and readily identified as a meadowlark, but nearly identical to the various forms of Eastern Meadowlark<\/strong>.\u00a0 Both are robust, yellow-breasted, brown-backed songbirds with a prominent black V or U on the chest and a long, sharp-tipped, spike-like bill.<\/p>
Adult meadowlarks in breeding plumage are vivid yellow from the throat to the belly.\u00a0 The sides and flanks are whitish with black or blackish streaks and spots.\u00a0 On Western the streaks tend to be boldest and darkest on the sides of the chest, then thinner, sparser, and browner on the flanks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Antelope Island State Park, Utah; June 23, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jeff Maw<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Breeding adult Western can often be identified by the extent of yellow on the face\u2014the yellow on the throat typically extends up to include the whisker area, which is typically plain on Eastern.\u00a0 However, many individual Westerns have less extensive yellow, and some Easterns have a yellowish tinge on the whisker.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Ramona, California; January 21, 2021.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Roger Uzun<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Santa Inez, California; November 23, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Louis Bevier<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Ramona, California; January 21, 2021.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Roger Uzun<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The head is prominently marked.\u00a0 The crown is mostly blackish or dark-brown with a whitish central stripe and pale eyebrow that is yellow in front of the eye and whitish behind the eye.\u00a0 There is a dark eyeline that is indistinct in in front of the eye and much darker behind the eye.\u00a0 On Western the head markings tend to contrast less than on Eastern.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Farmington, California; April 20, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jim Gain<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Valle del Oro National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico; April 9, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Dustin Johnston<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark in breeding plumage with plain whisker.\u00a0 (Timpie Spring Wildlife Management Area, Utah; April 4, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Max Malmquist<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Pawnee National Grassland, Colorado; July 4, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Margaret Viens<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Hope Airport, British Columbia; March 28, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Gord Gadsden<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Valle del Oro National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico; April 2, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Dustin Johnston<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (San Jos\u00e9 Maga\u00f1a, Zaragoza, San Luis Potos\u00ed, Mexico; June 16, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Juan Miguel Artigas Azas<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Lake Country, British Columbia; May 28, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Alix d\u2019Entremont<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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The upperparts are mostly brown with black or dark-brown bars and feather-centers.\u00a0 In general, Western has paler upperparts than most Easterns, although both species vary widely and the arid-land forms of Eastern (especially \u201cLilian\u2019s\u201d but also hoopesi<\/em>) are paler than most Westerns.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Cross Creek Regional Park, Fountain, Colorado; May 23, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jim Merritt<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Kingfisher Trail, Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge, Idaho; March 10, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Ceredig Roberts<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, singing from a fencepost\u2014note the sparse streaking and limited yellow apparent when viewed from the side.\u00a0 (Adam Grimm Prairie, Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge, Ohio; June 28, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Darlene Friedma<\/a>n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area, Davis, California; April 1, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Matt Davis<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico; December 12, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Ad Konings<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Union Reservoir, Longmont, Colorado; April 30, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Steven Mlodinow<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Fly Creek Road, Big Horn County, Montana; March 29, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jan Thom<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Lake Country, British Columbia; April 14, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Nick Swan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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When seen from above, the tail is mostly brown and barred.\u00a0 However, the outer three tail feathers are mostly white, which is visible mostly when the tail is spread.\u00a0 Western\u2019s tail tends to be paler brown and less heavily marked, with less extensive white on the outer feathers than Eastern.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Fountain, Colorado; June 19, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jim Merritt<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Lake Country, British Columbia; May 28, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Alix d\u2019Entremont<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Coalton Open Space, Superior, Colorado; March 26, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Ted Floyd<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Tolo Lake, Idaho; April 2, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Craig Johnson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nonbreeding adults generally resemble breeding adults, but appear duller and mostly paler overall, with weaker markings.<\/p>
Immatures generally resemble nonbreeding adults, but are more uniformly colored in shades of buff and brown.\u00a0 They also vary and most are probably indistinguishable by sight from the various forms of Eastern.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumage.\u00a0 (Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico; December 30, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Ad Konings<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumage.\u00a0 (University of California, Santa Barbara Campus, Isla Vista, California; January 8, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Alan Prichard<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumagek.\u00a0 (Silverlake Park, Tucson, Arizona; October 21, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 David Beaudette<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumage.\u00a0 (Granger Lake, Texas; December 2, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Byron Stone<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumage.\u00a0 (Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge, California; February 3, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Matt Davis<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumage.\u00a0 (Helena, Montana; October 26, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Sharon Dewart-Hansen<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumage.\u00a0 (Graford, Texas; December 14, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Kevin S. Long<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumage.\u00a0 (Merced National Wildlife Refuge, California; November 12, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Rebecca Matsubara<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumage.\u00a0 (Rattlesnake Springs, Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico; January 31, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Don Danko<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumage.\u00a0 (Swift Current, Saskatchewan; March 9, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Nick Saunders<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumage.\u00a0 (Bradford Farm, Boone County, Missouri; January 19, 2021.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Doug Hommert<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumage.\u00a0 (Markham, Texas; March 9, 2014.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Byron Stone<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumage.\u00a0 (Sacaton Sewage Treatment Plant, Arizona; October 17, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 David Pearson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumage.\u00a0 (Nob Hill Pond, Redwood Shores, California; October 17, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Kent Forward<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumage.\u00a0 (Rangeland Road, Ramona, California; November 15, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Roger Uzun<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, nonbreeding plumage.\u00a0 (Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge, California; February 3, 2021.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Liam Huber<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, immature.\u00a0 (Guymon, Oklahoma; November 15, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Van Remsen<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, immature.\u00a0 (Colusa National Wildlife Refuge, California; October 13, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Matt Davis<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, immature.\u00a0 (Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas; February 15, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Geoff Hill<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, immature.\u00a0 (Lincoln County, Colorado; October 7, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Todd Deininger<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, immature.\u00a0 (Donner Camp Picnic Area, Truckee, California; October 24, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Matt Davis<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, immature, showing extensively white outer tail feathers.\u00a0 (Rural Route 1832, Balmorhea, Texas; December 6, 2015.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Dan Jones<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, immature.\u00a0 (Big Horn, Wyoming; October 6, 2015.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Brian Sullivan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, immature.\u00a0 (Sims Lane, Brazos County, Texas; November 23, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Simon Kiacz<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, immature.\u00a0 (Prince Reservoir #2, Lafayette, Colorado; January 8, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Ted Floyd<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, immature.\u00a0 (Sacramento, California; July 4, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Stephen Fettig<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, immature.\u00a0 (Byxbee Park, Palo Alto, California; November 28, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Carter Gasiorowski<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, immature.\u00a0 (Lake Tamarisk, Desert Center, California; October 9, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Eric VanderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, immature.\u00a0 (Vernon, Texas; November 10, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Van Remsen<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, showing broadly white outer tail feathers.\u00a0 (Barr Lake State Park, Colorado; February 2, 2021.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Lorraine Lanning<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Fowler, Indiana; June 28, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Ryan Sanderson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t $\"\"$ \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Hells Gate State Park, Idaho; January 16, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jesse Amesbury<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark, showing broadly white outer tail feathers.\u00a0 (Red Lodge, Montana; June 1, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Daniel Irons<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Fowler, Indiana; June 28, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Ryan Sanderson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Western Meadowlark.\u00a0 (Pacific Commons Linear Park, Fremont, California; November 11, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 J. Tanner<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVoice.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Song is a series of rich flutelike whistles with variable phrasing. \u00a0Typically begins with a few languid notes, then descends into a jumble of clipped, hurried notes: <\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/570616\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/607466\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/362531\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/543667\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/534185\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>Common call, often repeated, is a low but sharp, percussive <strong><em>chup!<\/em><\/strong> or <strong><em>plipt!<\/em><\/strong>:<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/554560\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/349624\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>Also gives a long, evenly paced rattle, sometimes interspersed with the previous call:<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/534184\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/472289\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>An alternative call is a strong, clear whistle:<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/545898\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/371333\/embed?simple=1\" width=\"340\" height=\"115\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\nTypical flight call is a quick rattle similar to that of Eastern Meadowlark.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23f6d1cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23f6d1cf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-789041cf\" data-id=\"789041cf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41e6b0b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41e6b0b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><em>Cf. Eastern Meadowlark.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Western and Eastern Meadowlarks overlap broadly across much of North America and are so similar as to be visually indistinguishable without a close study\u2014which sometimes requires details about the location, season, sex, and age of a given individual.\u00a0 Much of the confusion stems from variability among Eastern\u2019s populations, especially in the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico, where \u201cLilian\u2019s Meadowlark\u201d and the unusual <em>hoopesi<\/em> subspecies (sometimes grouped with \u201cLilian\u2019s\u201d) complicate the picture.\u00a0 However, individual variation within typical Eastern and Western populations is strong enough that they overlap in all the plumage features traditionally used to identify them.<\/p><p>Despite the subtleties and similarities, most closely observed adult meadowlarks are distinguishable by plumage, and nearly all can be identified by voice.\u00a0 Considering the importance of voice in identification, it seems significant that vocal distinctions appear to be consistent across all Eastern populations\u2014despite its divergent appearance, \u201cLilian\u2019s\u201d sounds like typical Easterns.<\/p><p><u>Songs:<\/u>\u00a0 Western\u2019s song is more complex, richer, and more musical than Eastern\u2019s.\u00a0 Western almost always ends with an accelerating rush of notes.\u00a0 Although each song-type is more elaborate, each individual Western tends to vary its songs much less than individual Easterns.\u00a0 Peculiarly, however, song alone can be unreliable because it is not innate.\u00a0 Some meadowlarks have been observed singing songs typical of the other species\u2014usually mixing elements of both.<\/p><p><u>Calls:<\/u>\u00a0 Western often gives a low but sharp <strong><em>chup!<\/em><\/strong> or <strong><em>plipt!<\/em><\/strong> call that Eastern does not.\u00a0 Other calls typical of Western include a long, evenly paced rattle and a strong, clear whistle.\u00a0 Eastern\u2019s most typical calls are a buzzy <strong><em>dzzzt! dzzzt!<\/em><\/strong>, not similar to any Western calls.<\/p><p><u>Whisker Color:<\/u>\u00a0 One of the field marks traditionally cited to distinguish Eastern and Western Meadowlarks is the color of the whisker area below the eyeline.\u00a0 On adult Westerns this area is typically yellow like the throat, whereas adult Easterns have a plain whitish whisker streak between the dark eyeline and the yellow throat.\u00a0 This distinction is most useful on typical adult male Westerns, which tend to appear all-yellow below the eyeline.\u00a0 However, many Westerns have plain whiskers and many Easterns show some yellow in this area, so it is often unreliable.<\/p><p><u>Head Stripes:<\/u>\u00a0 Another typical but unreliable distinction is the darkness and boldness of the eyestripe and crown stripes.\u00a0 In general, Eastern has blackish head markings whereas Western has brown head markings.\u00a0 This distinction can be useful but there is an overlap between them and many ambiguous cases.\u00a0 Some Westerns show darker-than-average head markings and some Easterns have brownish markings.<\/p><p><u>Flank Streaks:<\/u>\u00a0 Typical Eastern has strong, blackish streaks on its flanks, whereas Western typically has blackish streaks on its sides (beside the chest) but paler, thinner, sparser streaks or spots on the flanks.\u00a0 As in other plumage pattern features, both Eastern and Western vary internally and they overlap.<\/p><p><u>Tail Pattern:<\/u>\u00a0 The tails of Western and Eastern tend to differ slightly in both the central brown feathers and the white outer feathers\u2014although individual variation makes these differences less reliable than some sources suggest.\u00a0 In general, Western has paler central feathers and more limited white on the outer feathers.\u00a0 Conversely, Eastern tends to have darker central feathers and more extensively white outer feathers.<\/p><p><u>Southwestern Easterns:<\/u>\u00a0 The most confusing forms of Eastern are \u201cLilian\u2019s\u201d (<em>lilianae<\/em>), which occurs from Arizona to western Texas and in the adjacent states of Mexico, and <em>hoopesi<\/em>, which inhabits southern Texas and northeastern Mexico.\u00a0 By voice these forms are both Eastern, but their plumages differ from other populations.\u00a0 <em>Lilianae<\/em> is paler overall than Western, and has the most extensively white outer tail feathers of all meadowlarks.\u00a0 <em>Hoopesi<\/em> has approximately the same overall coloration as Western\u2014except that its tail pattern and whisker color are more consistent with Eastern, as described above.<\/p><p><u>Immatures:<\/u>\u00a0 Immature Western and Eastern Meadowlarks are more similar overall than adults.\u00a0 In some cases, the distinctions that apply to adults may also be useful with immatures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22691b02 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22691b02\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4e97bfa\" data-id=\"4e97bfa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf56efa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf56efa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Polytypic species consisting of two recognized subspecies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-78f479ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"78f479ba\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23363546\" data-id=\"23363546\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cff1ffe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2cff1ffe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><em>Breeding Bird Survey Abundance Map: Gambel\u2019s Quail.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-722a844f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"722a844f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"547\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Western-Meadowlark-Map2.gif\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-74822\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54ebbdbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54ebbdbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov\/bbs\/ra2015\/ra2015_red_v3.shtml\">U.S. Geological Survey 2015<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c5f5fcb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c5f5fcb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-53557b93\" data-id=\"53557b93\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d47b7a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d47b7a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Alderfer, J., and J.L. Dunn. 2014. <em>National Geographic Complete Birds of North America (Second Edition)<\/em>. National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.<\/p><p>BirdLife International. 2018. <em>Sturnella neglecta<\/em>. <em>The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018:<\/em> e.T22724256A132173994. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22724256A132173994.en\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22724256A132173994.en<\/a>. (Accessed February 1, 2021.)<\/p><p>eBird. 2021. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, N.Y. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ebird.org\">http:\/\/www.ebird.org<\/a>. (Accessed February 1, 2021.)<\/p><p>Howell, S.N.G., and S. Webb. 1995. <em>A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/p><p>Jaramillo, A., and P. Burke. 1999. <em>New World Blackbirds: The Icterids<\/em>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.<\/p><p>Salt, W.R., and J.R. Salt. 1976. <em>The Birds of Alberta<\/em>. Hurtig Publishers, Edmonton, Alberta.<\/p><p>Sibley, D.A. 2000. <em>The Sibley Guide to Birds<\/em>. Alfred A. Knopf. New York.<\/p><p>Xeno-Canto. 2021. Western Meadowlark \u2013 <em>Sturnella neglecta<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/species\/Sturnella-neglecta\">https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/species\/Sturnella-neglecta<\/a>. (Accessed February 1, 2021.)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a9 Nick Saunders \u00a9 Ron Overholtz Birdfinding.info \u21d2\u00a0 Common to locally abundant across much of western North America, especially on the Great Plains, where it is one of the most numerous and conspciuous breeding birds across most of the region (see Breeding Bird Survey Abundance Map in Notes below). Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta Family: Icteridae […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ocean_post_layout":"right-sidebar","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"off","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-species","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74887","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74887"}],"version-history":[{"count":368,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74887\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":75277,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74887\/revisions\/75277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74887"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74887"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74887"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}