{"id":82672,"date":"2021-03-17T07:49:17","date_gmt":"2021-03-17T11:49:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.birdfinding.info\/?p=82672"},"modified":"2021-07-04T08:11:48","modified_gmt":"2021-07-04T12:11:48","slug":"brewsters-booby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/birdfinding.info\/brewsters-booby\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u00a9 Max Leibowitz<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a9 Fabio Olmos<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Birdfinding.info \u21d2<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 The eastern Pacific form of Brown Booby<\/strong><\/a> is common and familiar along much of Mexico\u2019s coastline, including the Gulf of California (e.g., Puerto Pe\u00f1asco, La Paz, and the Faro de Mazatl\u00e1n) and popular resort towns such as Puerto Vallarta, Manzanillo, Zihuatanejo, and Puerto Angel, where it often perches on ships, buoys, and other nautical infrastructure.\u00a0 It is also locally common along the coasts of Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia.\u00a0 A few are present most years in coastal California waters, especially around San Diego in September and October.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Sula leucogaster brewsteri<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Family: Sulidae<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tropical eastern Pacific Ocean<\/strong>, where it occurs in both coastal and offshore waters.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a9 BirdLife International 2018<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Breeding.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Brewsteri<\/em> breeds on Mexican islands from Los Coronados and the north end of the Gulf of California south to Guerrero, the Revillagigedos, and Clipperton.<\/p>

Etesiaca<\/em> breeds on islands along the Pacific Coast of Central America and Colombia from Nicaragua\u2019s Islas Farallones south to Isla Gorgona, and on Cocos Island (Costa Rica).<\/p>

Nonbreeding.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Largely resident around its breeding areas, but also disperses more widely across the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean from southern California to Ecuador.<\/p>

Stragglers regularly wander north to British Columbia and southeastern Alaska, south to the Gal\u00e1pagos, northwestern Peru, and Easter Island, and west to Hawaii and Palmyra Atoll\u2014where up to 20 individuals have been counted together.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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More exceptional vagrants have been recorded west to Japan, Saipan, and the Aleutians, and at various inland reservoirs in the southwestern U.S.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Identification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Similar to the other forms of Brown Booby<\/strong><\/a>: dark brown overall, with a crisply defined bright white belly and underwing linings, and pale bill and feet.\u00a0 Females of the three forms are nearly identical, with only subtle differences in bare parts coloration and underwing pattern, while the males are much more distinctive.<\/p>

Male \u201cBrewster\u2019s\u201d is the most distinctive, as it has a contrastingly pale head: white on the face and shading progressively to dark brown on the neck.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, male.\u00a0 (Punta Salsipuedes, Puntarenas, Costa Rica; March 7, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Irene Domhoff<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The extent of the pale head plumage varies.\u00a0 In some individuals (more prevalent in the Mexican brewsteri<\/em> rather than the more southerly etesiaca<\/em> populations), the entire head and most of the neck are pale.<\/p>

The male\u2019s facial skin is dark blue, which contrasts with the white facial plumage and gives it a masked appearance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, male.\u00a0 (Eastern Island, Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, Midway Islands; April 9, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Lonnie Sullivan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, male. \u00a0(Offshore from Punta Marenco, Puntarenas, Costa Rica; November 17, 2008.) \u00a0\u00a9 Brian Sullivan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, male with nearly all-brown head. \u00a0(Offshore from Punta Marenco, Puntarenas, Costa Rica; November 17, 2008.) \u00a0\u00a9 Brian Sullivan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, male.\u00a0 (Isla Isabel National Park, Nayarit, Mexico; December 9, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Guillermo Aponte<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, male.\u00a0 (Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, Line Islands; November 27, 2015.)\u00a0 \u00a9 David Pereksta<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, male. \u00a0(Islas Violincitas, Puntarenas, Costa Rica; March 24, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Jeff Tingle<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, male with nestling. \u00a0(Isla Pajarera, Jalisco, Mexico; June 22, 2009.) \u00a0\u00a9 Mart\u00edn S\u00e1nchez Vilchis<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, male. \u00a0(Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, Mexico; March 25, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Nick Athanas<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, male.\u00a0 (Offshore from Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico; October 30, 2015.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Moe Bertrand<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, male.\u00a0 (Northwest Pacific Ocean, 190 nautical miles west of Kure Atoll; September 23, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Adam \u00dc<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Female \u201cBrewster\u2019s\u201d typically has a pale pinkish bill, pale greenish-yellow facial skin with a dark spot in front of the eye, and pale greenish-yellow feet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, female and male (on nest). \u00a0(Isla Tortuga, Baja California Sur, Mexico; March 16, 2020.) \u00a0\u00a9 Valeria Huerta<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, female. \u00a0(Isla Pajarera, Jalisco, Mexico; December 29, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 alexordorica<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, female. \u00a0(Offshore from Punta Marenco, Puntarenas, Costa Rica; November 17, 2008.) \u00a0\u00a9 Brian Sullivan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, female. \u00a0(Offshore from Playa Hermosa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica; November 12, 2008.) \u00a0\u00a9 Brian Sullivan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, female. \u00a0(Playa Hermosa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica; November 11, 2008.) \u00a0\u00a9 Brian Sullivan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, female. \u00a0(Isla Pajarera, Jalisco, Mexico; September 22, 2019.) \u00a0\u00a9 world_lineage<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, female.\u00a0 (Swan Cay, Panama; September 8, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Natalia Decastro Gonz\u00e1lez<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, female. \u00a0(Isla Isabel National Park, Nayarit, Mexico; February 8, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 James Thompson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, female.\u00a0 (Isla Isabel National Park, Nayarit, Mexico; December 13, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Edward Jordan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, female. \u00a0(Lausen Seamount, offshore from Laguna Beach, California; September 18, 2020.) \u00a0\u00a9 David Pereksta<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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In flight, the underwing is mostly dark-brown, and the coverts are white near the body, then mostly dark with a narrow white central strip extending out to the wrist\u2014usually with a thin dark streak across the middle of the coverts.\u00a0 This irregular pattern is sometimes useful in distinguishing female \u201cBrewster\u2019s\u201d from \u201cForster\u2019s\u201d, which has more extensively white underwing coverts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, female.\u00a0 (Goldfish Point, La Jolla, California; January 10, 2016.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Barbara Swanson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, male.\u00a0 (Pauwalu Point Wildlife Sanctuary, Maui, Hawaii; February 1, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Zeke Smith<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, male.\u00a0 (Bah\u00eda Solano, Choc\u00f3, Colombia; May 24, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 amendozalu<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, female, showing distinctive pattern on underwing secondary coverts.\u00a0 (Lower Nine Mile Bank, offshore from San Diego, California; May 28, 2021.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Owen Sinkus<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, male. \u00a0(Offshore from Punta Marenco, Puntarenas, Costa Rica; November 17, 2008.) \u00a0\u00a9 Brian Sullivan<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, female.\u00a0 (Isla Pe\u00f1a Blanca, Colima, Mexico; February 2, 2005.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Simon Colenutt<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, male. \u00a0(San Carlos, Sonora, Mexico; April 8, 2015.) \u00a0\u00a9 mlwatson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, female.\u00a0 (Lower Nine Mile Bank, offshore from San Diego, California; May 28, 2021.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Owen Sinkus<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, female.\u00a0 (Offshore from the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica; November 21, 2010.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Luke Seitz<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, female.\u00a0 (Santa Barbara Island, California; July 12, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Alexander Viduetsky<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, male. \u00a0(Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, Mexico; March 25, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Nick Athanas<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, male. \u00a0(Marina Vallarta, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico; December 21, 2016.) \u00a0\u00a9 Cole Gaerber<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Immature Plumages.\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>Before\u00a0attaining full adult plumage, \u201cBrewster\u2019s Boobies\u201d go through a progression of changes in plumage and bare parts coloration.<\/p>

Juveniles are almost entirely medium-to-dark brown with a dark-gray bill and facial skin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, juvenile.\u00a0 (Elephant Rock, Nayarit, Mexico; March 31, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Skip Russell<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, immature. \u00a0(Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, Mexico; March 25, 2017.) \u00a0\u00a9 Nick Athanas<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, immature.\u00a0 (Offshore from Newport Beach, California; May 1, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Kristin Campbell<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, juvenile.\u00a0 (Salton Sea State Recreation Area, California; September 3, 2010.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Tom Benson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, juvenile.\u00a0 (Salton Sea State Recreation Area, California; September 3, 2010.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Tom Benson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, immature.\u00a0 (Offshore from San Diego, California; October 21, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Greg Gillson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, immature.\u00a0 (Punta Salsipuedes, Puntarenas, Costa Rica; March 7, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Irene Domhoff<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, immature.\u00a0 (Punta Salsipuedes, Puntarenas, Costa Rica; March 7, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Irene Domhoff<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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As they age, the belly and underwing linings become progressively whiter, and the face and bill lighten.\u00a0 A pronounced line of demarcation between the solid brown chest and paler (eventually white) belly is noticeable at all stages after juvenile.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, immature.\u00a0 (Elephant Rock, Nayarit, Mexico; March 31, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Skip Russell<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, immature.\u00a0 (Offshore from San Diego, California; March 1, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Michael Hilchey<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, immature.\u00a0 (Offshore from San Diego, California; October 21, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Ryan Sanderson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, immature.\u00a0 (Isla Isabel National Park, Nayarit, Mexico; February 8, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Rob Worona<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, immature female.\u00a0 (Offshore from San Diego, California; September 3, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 David Pereksta<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, immature.\u00a0 (Offshore from San Diego, California; March 1, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Bruce Aird<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, immature.\u00a0 (Manuel Antonio National Park, Quepos, Costa Rica; January 8, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Paul Donahue<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, immature.\u00a0 (Playa Garza, Guanacaste, Costa Rica; December 29, 2017.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Miles Brengle<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, immature male, far west of its normal range\u2014distinguished from the expected \u201cForster\u2019s\u201d by pale feathering on the face.\u00a0 (Offshore south of Nihoa Island, Hawaii; April 5, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Eric VanderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, immature.\u00a0 (Offshore from San Diego, California; October 21, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Greg Gillson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, subadult female. \u00a0(Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica; May 8, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Armand Munteanu<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. etesiaca<\/em>, subadult female. \u00a0(Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica; May 8, 2018.) \u00a0\u00a9 Armand Munteanu<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, subadult female.\u00a0 (Offshore from San Diego, California; March 7, 2010.)\u00a0 \u00a9 BJ Stacey<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, subadult male.\u00a0 (Nine Mile Bank, offshore from San Diego, California; January 1, 2015.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Greg Gillson<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby,\u201d S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, immature.\u00a0 (Marina Norte de La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; October 3, 2019.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Jeff Sexton<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, immature.\u00a0 (Isla Pe\u00f1a Blanca, Colima, Mexico; February 2, 2005.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Simon Colenutt<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Cf. Other Brown Boobies<\/a>.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 \u201cBrewster\u2019s\u201d and \u201cForster\u2019s\u201d Boobies occur together regularly in the central Pacific, mainly in the Hawaiian and Line Islands, and overlap at least occasionally over a large portion of the Pacific Ocean from Japanese to Mexican waters and south into Polynesia.\u00a0 \u201cAtlantic\u201d is not known to have overlapped with either of the others, but all three are highly mobile and habitually rest on ships, so any of them could occur nearly anywhere.<\/p>

Adult male \u201cBrewster\u2019s\u201d is easily recognized by its pale head, but males of the other two forms and females of all three (especially \u201cBrewster\u2019s\u201d and \u201cForster\u2019s\u201d) are extremely similar.\u00a0 Immatures appear to be indistinguishable until they begin to show a distinctive aspect of their adult coloration\u2014such as the paler facial plumage of male \u201cBrewster\u2019s\u201d or \u201cAtlantic\u2019s\u201d yellower feet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, female, far west of its normal range\u2014identified by thin, pinkish bill and dark portions of underwing coverts not shown here.\u00a0 (35 km offshore from Miyako, Iwate, Honshu, Japan; July 23, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Yann Muzika<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, immature male, far west of its normal range\u2014distinguished from the expected \u201cForster\u2019s\u201d by pale feathering on the face.\u00a0 (Offshore south of Nihoa Island, Hawaii; April 5, 2018.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Eric VanderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Male \u201cAtlantic\u201d and \u201cForster\u2019s\u201d have approximately the same plumage but are fairly easy to distinguish by the color of their facial skin: orange on \u201cAtlantic\u201d versus dark-blue on \u201cForster\u2019s\u201d.\u00a0 Their foot color also differs: orangish-yellow on \u201cAtlantic\u201d versus greenish-yellow on \u201cForster\u2019s\u201d.<\/p>

Even with clear, high-resolution images, female Brown Boobies are not always assignable to a particular form.\u00a0 The key features are coloration of the bare parts (bill, facial skin, and feet), bill size, and underwing pattern:<\/p>

Bill Color:<\/u> \u00a0Females of all three forms can show a pinkish flush on the bill.\u00a0 \u201cAtlantic\u201d tends to be the pinkest, and \u201cBrewster\u2019s\u201d is also consistently pinkish.\u00a0 \u201cForster\u2019s\u201d tends to appear more yellowish or ivory than the others, but sometimes has a pinkish hue.<\/p>

Facial Skin and Foot Color:<\/u>\u00a0 Females of all three forms have pale-yellow facial skin and feet.\u00a0 \u201cAtlantic\u201d tends to appear closer to pure yellow, whereas \u201cBrewster\u2019s\u201d and \u201cForster\u2019s\u201d appear closer to white or greenish-yellow.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cForster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. plotus<\/em>, male and female, with male \u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, male in foreground\u2014note size difference between the large female and both smaller males.\u00a0 (Wake Island; October 24, 2010.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Eric VanderWerf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cForster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. plotus<\/em>, immature female, showing extensively white underwing coverts, as is typical of this form.\u00a0 (Pauwalu Point, Maui, Hawaii; February 1, 2020.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Zeke Smith<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBrewster\u2019s Booby\u201d, S. l. brewsteri<\/em>, immature, showing limited whitish underwing coverts, as is typical of this form.\u00a0 (Isla Pe\u00f1a Blanca, Colima, Mexico; February 2, 2005.)\u00a0 \u00a9 Simon Colenutt<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bill Size:<\/u>\u00a0 \u201cBrewster\u2019s\u201d is slightly smaller than the other two and its bill averages somewhat thinner.\u00a0 This difference is probably too slight to be useful, except at the extremes.<\/p>

Underwing Coverts:<\/u>\u00a0 On average, \u201cBrewster\u2019s\u201d has more limited white underwing coverts, with a thick brown bar near the wrist and often a dark spur or stripe that projects from the wrist area toward the body.\u00a0 In contrast, \u201cAtlantic\u201d and \u201cForster\u2019s\u201d usually have almost entirely white underwing coverts.\u00a0 However, all three forms vary to some to extent, and younger birds tend to have more dark covert feathers.\u00a0 The underwing pattern is most useful when the coverts are all-white, because this effectively rules out \u201cBrewster\u2019s\u201d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Cf. Red-footed Booby<\/a>.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Dark morph Red-footed Boobies, which predominate in some populations\u2014especially in the eastern Pacific\u2014can be all-brown, and the juveniles in particular strongly resemble juvenile and immature Brown Boobies.<\/p>

Typically, juvenile Brown Boobies are darker than these Red-footeds and more uniformly colored above and below.\u00a0 Immature Browns become distinctive as the belly lightens because the lightened area is sharply defined, matching the adult plumage.<\/p>

Most juvenile Red-footed Boobies have a perceptibly darker breastband.\u00a0 As they age, dark morph Red-footed Boobies turn coffee-colored rather than dark brown.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Cf. Other Juvenile Boobies.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 Juvenile Masked<\/strong><\/a>, Nazca<\/strong><\/a>, and Blue-footed Boobies have roughly the same pattern as adult Brown Boobies, for which they are often mistaken.\u00a0 Under suboptimal viewing conditions they can be indistinguishable, but if seen clearly the crisp bicolored plumage of adult Brown Boobies is unique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Notes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Polytypic form consisting of two subspecies (brewsteri<\/em> and etesiaca<\/em>), one of three distinct forms of Brown Booby<\/strong> (S. leucogaster<\/em>)<\/a>, sometimes regarded as separate species (e.g., Howell and Zufelt 2019).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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References<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Alderfer, J., and J.L. Dunn. 2014. National Geographic Complete Birds of North America (Second Edition)<\/em>. National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.<\/p>

BirdLife International. 2018. Sula leucogaster<\/em>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018:<\/em> e.T22696698A132590197. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696698A132590197.en<\/a>. (Accessed March 15, 2021.)<\/p>

eBird. 2021. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, N.Y. http:\/\/www.ebird.org<\/a>. (Accessed March 16, 2021.)<\/p>

Fagan, J., and O. Komar. 2016. Peterson Field Guide to the Birds of Northern Central America<\/em>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York.<\/p>

Garrigues, R., and R. Dean. 2014. The Birds of Costa Rica: A Field Guide (Second Edition)<\/em>. Cornell University Press.<\/p>

Harrison, P. 1983. Seabirds: An Identification Guide<\/em>. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.<\/p>

Howell, S.N.G., and S. Webb. 1995. A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/p>

Howell, S.N.G., and K. Zufelt. 2019. Oceanic Birds of the World.<\/em> Princeton University Press.<\/p>

McMullan, M., and T. Donegan. 2014, Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia (Second Edition)<\/em>. Fundaci\u00f3n Proaves de Colombia, Bogot\u00e1.<\/p>

Pyle, R.L., and P. Pyle. 2017. The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status<\/em>. Version 2 (January 1, 2017). http:\/\/hbs.bishopmuseum.org\/birds\/rlp-monograph\/<\/a>. B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii.<\/p>

Ridgely, R.S., and P.J. Greenfield. 2001. The Birds of Ecuador, Volume II: Field Guide<\/em>. Cornell University Press.<\/p>

Ridgely, R.S., and J.A. Gwynne. 1989. A Guide to the Birds of Panama (Second Edition)<\/em>. Princeton University Press.<\/p>

Schulenberg, T.S., D.F. Stotz, D.F. Lane, J.P. O\u2019Neill, and T.A. Parker. 2007. Birds of Peru<\/em>. Princeton University Press.<\/p>

Xeno-Canto. 2021. Brown Booby \u2013 Sula leucogaster<\/em>. https:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/species\/Sula-leucogaster<\/a>. (Accessed March 16, 2021.)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a9 Max Leibowitz \u00a9 Fabio Olmos Birdfinding.info \u21d2\u00a0 The eastern Pacific form of Brown Booby is common and familiar along much of Mexico\u2019s coastline, including the Gulf of California (e.g., Puerto Pe\u00f1asco, La Paz, and the Faro de Mazatl\u00e1n) and popular resort towns such as Puerto Vallarta, Manzanillo, Zihuatanejo, and Puerto Angel, where it often 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